Embryo donation or embryo adoption? Conceptual and normative issues

Hallich Oliver

摘要

Abstract >A central question in the ethical debate on the practice of relinquishing in vitro fertilization surplus embryos for family building is whether we ought to think of it more in terms of donating these embryos or in terms of having them adopted. Deciding between these two alternatives is more than a matter of mere terminology. It has an impact on normative questions, e.g., on the question of what criteria for parent selection ought to be applied to the recipients of the embryos, and on the moral evaluation of the act of ‘donating’ the embryo or ‘having it adopted’. In this article, I defend the view that we should conceptualize the relinquishment of spare embryos according to the adoption model, not as a donation. Section 2 sketches the outline of the argument by making clear how we may ground a defense of the adoption model in a theory of parental responsibility without implicitly elevating the moral status of the embryo. Section 3 contains a preliminary defense of the adoption model that draws on geneticism as what seems to me the most persuasive theory of parental responsibility. In section 4, I examine three objections to geneticism and either rebut them or, insofar as they are justified, try to accommodate them into my view. In section 5, I point out some features that distinguish embryo adoption from the adoption of (born) children. I contend, however, that these differences are compatible with the adoption model. Section 6 is concerned with the normative ramifications of this view. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract type =“main”xml：id =“bioe12515-abs-abs-0001”xml：lang =“en”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> >伦理辩论中的核心问题对家庭建筑物体外施肥剩余胚胎进行放解的实践是我们是否应该更加捐赠这些胚胎或使他们采用的方式更加想到它。决定这两个替代方案不仅仅是术语的问题。它对规范性问题产生了影响，例如，关于父母选择的标准应该适用于胚胎的接受者的标准，以及对“捐赠”胚胎的行为的道德评估，或者“拥有它采用”的道德评估。在本文中，我捍卫了我们应该根据采用模型概念化备用胚胎的放弃，而不是捐赠。第2节通过清楚地提出如何在父母责任理论中捍卫采用模型的辩论，而不隐含地提高胚胎的道德地位，阐述了论证的轮廓。第3节包含采用模型的初步防御，这些模型吸引了遗传主义，因为在我看来最有说服力的父母责任论。在第4节中，我研究了三次对遗传主义的反对，要么反驳他们，要么谨慎，试着把它们纳入我的观点。在第5节中，我指出了一些特征，将胚胎采用与通过（出生）的儿童相结合。然而，我争辩说，这些差异与采用模型兼容。第6节涉及这种观点的规范性工。</ p> </ abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-14793/'>《Bioethics》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2019年第6期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共8页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Hallich Oliver&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Hallich Oliver;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Institute for PhilosophyUniversity Duisburg-EssenEssen Germany;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/15.html" title="生物科学">生物科学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=adoption&option=203" rel="nofollow">adoption;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=embryo donation&option=203" rel="nofollow">embryo donation;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=parental responsibility&option=203" rel="nofollow">parental responsibility;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：采用;胚胎捐赠;父母责任; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704021837719.html">Embryo donation or embryo adoption? 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Rienzi L.</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Ubaldi F.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,Ubaldi F.</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Iacobelli M.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,Iacobelli M.</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-52109/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 世界核心医学期刊文摘：妇产科学分册 </a> </span> <span> . 2006</span><span>,第2期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>4. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_detail_thesis/0201296664669.html">采用全胚胎培养法研究酒精对胚胎发育的毒性影响</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=屈卫东&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 屈卫东</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=张本忠&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,张本忠</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=吴德生&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,吴德生</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-56914/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 中国优生与遗传杂志 </a> </span> <span> . 1999</span><span>,第2期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>5. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_journal-international-reproductive-healthfamily-planning_thesis/0201279138135.html">人类胚胎学高级胚胎师的规范化培训体系创建</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=蔡令波&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 蔡令波</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=严正杰&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,严正杰</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=崔毓桂&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,崔毓桂</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-5411/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志 </a> </span> <span> . 2020</span><span>,第003期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>6. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-conference-cn_meeting-7111_thesis/020221857509.html">捐赠剩余胚胎用于干细胞研究</a> <b>[C]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=冯云&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 冯云</a> <span> <a href="/conference-cn-7111/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 中华医学会第六次全国生殖医学学术会议 </a> <span> <span> . 2012</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>7. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-degree-domestic_mphd_thesis/020311550707.html">人体冷冻胚胎所涉法律问题解析——以“无锡冷冻胚胎案”为例</a> <b>[A] </b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=秦显芳&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 秦显芳</a> <span> . 2018</span> </span> </div> </li> </ul> <ul style="display: none;"> <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06120109198896.html">一种电激活设备及采用其的卵母细胞或者胚胎的RNA干扰新方法</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 中国专利： CN106754348A </span> <span> . 2017-05-31</span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06120109868650.html">一种采用胚胎生物技术超常规繁育良种奶牛的方法</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 中国专利： CN107397608A </span> <span> . 2017-11-28</span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130425484842.html">Combinatorial optimization methods of somatic embryogenesis, the preparation of embryos, multiple embryos and somatic embryos of conu00ecfera plants for the production of plants and of obtaining embryos germinantes,Lu00ecquido environment for the cultivation of embryonic tissue and semi automated equipment for the collection of embryos and preparation of multiple embryos of plants for the production of plants, embryos and plant.</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  BRPI0610760A2 </span> <span> . 2011-04-19</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：体细胞胚发生的组合优化方法，锥虫植物的胚，多胚和体胚的制备以生产植物和获得胚的胚芽，用于胚组织培养的Lecquido环境和用于收集的半自动化设备胚的制备和植物多胚的制备，用于生产植物，胚和植物。 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>4. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130425465847.html">The fat separation method of pig embryos produced in vitro (IVP) includes: (a) incubating a IVP embryo in a permeable 350-600 Mosm environment to produce a concentrable embryo; (b) centrifugally concentrated embryos; and Delidacion methods including PO. Sterior Criorperservacion thaws and restores embryos.</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  CL2011000438A1 </span> <span> . 2011-07-01</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：体外分离猪胚的脂肪分离方法（IVP）包括：（a）将IVP胚在可渗透的350-600 Mosm环境中孵育以产生可浓缩的胚; （b）离心浓缩胚胎;以及包括PO在内的Delidacion方法。前部Crorperservacion解冻并恢复胚胎。 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>5. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130449099338.html">Method for screening an embryo and animal cell for offspring overdevelopment syndrome (ssp), method for the in vitro production of an animal embryo, method for and for reconstituting an animal embryo, reconstituted animal embryo, non-human animal, method for preparing the same, method for testing an embryo culture environment for induction of ssp, method of therapy, use of a nucleic acid sequence, use of cell or cell line, and kit for the diagnosis of ssp</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  BR9914073A </span> <span> . 2001-06-12</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：筛选后代过度发育综合症（ssp）的胚胎和动物细胞的方法，体外生产动物胚胎的方法，用于和重建动物胚胎的方法，重建的动物胚胎，非人类动物及其制备方法，测试用于诱导ssp的胚胎培养环境的方法，治疗方法，核酸序列的使用，细胞或细胞系的使用以及用于ssp诊断的试剂盒 </span> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="theme cardcommon" style="overflow: auto;display:none"> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent55">相关主题</h3> <ul id="subject"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right rightcon"> <div class="details_img cardcommon clearfix" style="margin-bottom: 10px;display:none;" > </div> </div> </div> <div id="thesis_get_original1" class="downloadBth" style="bottom: 19px;z-index: 999;" onclick="ywcd('0704021837719','4',7,2,1,'',this,24)" class="delivery" prompt="010401" title="通过人工服务将文献原文发送至邮箱" >获取原文</div> <div class="journalsub-pop-up" style="display: none"> <div class="journal-sub"> <h2>期刊订阅</h2> <img src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/img/loginclose.png" alt="关闭" onclick="$('.journalsub-pop-up').hide()"> <p class="pardon">抱歉，该期刊暂不可订阅，敬请期待！</p> <p class="current">目前支持订阅全部北京大学中文核心（2020）期刊目录。</p> <div style="display: flex;margin-top: 69px;justify-content: space-between;"> <div class="no-sub" onclick="$('.journalsub-pop-up').hide()">暂不订阅</div> <div class="other-sub" onclick="continueSub('from=pc-detail')">继续订阅其他期刊</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right_btn"> <ul> <li class="gouwuche">  </li> <li class="yijian"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="link_analysis('/mycenter/auth/complaint.html',this)" title="意见反馈">意见反馈</a> </li> <li class="top"> <a href="javascript:scrollTo(0,0);" title="回到顶部">回到顶部</a> </li> <li class="shouye"> <a href="/" title="首页">回到首页</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="xllindexfooter"> <div class="xllindexfootercenter"> <div class="xllindexfooterleft left" > <div class="xllindexfooterleftli"> <ul> <li><a href="/about.html" title="关于掌桥">关于掌桥</a></li> <li><a href="/help/helpmap.html" title="资源导航">资源导航</a></li> <li><a href="/help/helpguide.html" title="新手指南">新手指南</a></li> <li><a href="/help/helpcenter.html" title="常见问题">常见问题</a></li> <li><a href="/sitemap.html" title="网站地图">网站地图</a></li> <li><a href="/help/helpcenter.html?type=9" title="版权声明">版权声明</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="xllindexfooterleft"> <p class="xllindexfooterlefteamil">客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com</p> <div class="xllindexfooterlefttcp"> <div class="xllindexfooterpoliceiimg"></div> <div class="xllindexfooterpoliceispan"> <span>京公网安备：11010802029741号 </span> <span>ICP备案号：<a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="ICP备案号">京ICP备15016152号-6</a></span> <span>六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="xllindexfooterright left"> <ul> <li> <p style="font-weight: bold;">客服微信</p> <div></div> </li> <li> <p style="font-weight: bold;">服务号</p> <div></div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <span id="0704021837719down" data-source="7," data-out-id="QTD/P+aMUNX9FVXfPbVbLEHoHi2BdW9OJS3GTXhJ3QmImd5eELsOZvBLHProJWIx," data-f-source-id="7" data-title="Embryo donation or embryo adoption? 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