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首页> 外文期刊>Bioethics >How do people use 'killing', 'letting die' and related bioethical concepts? Contrasting descriptive and normative hypotheses
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How do people use 'killing', 'letting die' and related bioethical concepts? Contrasting descriptive and normative hypotheses

机译：人们如何使用“杀戮”，“让死”和相关的生物静态概念？ 对比描述性和规范假设

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Bioethicists involved in end-of-life debates routinely distinguish between 'killing' and 'letting die'. Meanwhile, previous work in cognitive science has revealed that when people characterize behaviour as either actively 'doing' or passively 'allowing', they do so not purely on descriptive grounds, but also as a function of the behaviour's perceived morality. In the present report, we extend this line of research by examining how medical students and professionals (N = 184) and laypeople (N = 122) describe physicians' behaviour in end-of-life scenarios. We show that the distinction between 'ending' a patient's life and 'allowing' it to end arises from morally motivated causal selection. That is, when a patient wishes to die, her illness is treated as the cause of death and the doctor is seen as merely allowing her life to end. In contrast, when a patient does not wish to die, the doctor's behaviour is treated as the cause of death and, consequently, the doctor is described as ending the patient's life. This effect emerged regardless of whether the doctor's behaviour was omissive (as in withholding treatment) or commissive (as in applying a lethal injection). In other words, patient consent shapes causal selection in end-of-life situations, and in turn determines whether physicians are seen as 'killing' patients, or merely as 'enabling' their death.
机译：参与生活结束辩论的生物肠道常规区分“杀戮”和“让死”。与此同时，以前的认知科学工作透露，当人们表征行为时，他们是积极地“做”或被动地“允许”，他们不纯粹对描述性的原因，而且作为行为的函数感知道德。在本报告中，我们通过审查医疗学生和专业人士（n = 184）和外国人（n = 122）描述了生活中的医生行为，延长了这种研究。我们表明，“结束”患者的生命和“允许”它结束的区别与道德上的因果选择产生。也就是说，当患者希望死亡时，她的疾病被视为死亡的原因，医生被视为仅仅允许她的生命结束。相比之下，当患者不希望死亡时，医生的行为被视为死因，因此，医生被描述为结束患者的生命。无论医生的行为是否少于换句话说，患者同意在生活结束情况下表现出因果选择，反过来决定了医生是否被视为“杀死”患者，或者只是“能够”成为他们的死亡。

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