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Kushenol E inhibits autophagy and impairs lysosomal positioning via VCP/p97 inhibition

机译:Kushenol E通过VCP / P97抑制抑制自噬并损害溶酶体定位

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Autophagy plays a major role in cell survival and has therefore been exploited as an important strategy in cancer therapy. In this study, we evaluated the autophagy-regulatory effects of kushenol E (KE), a bi-prenylated flavonoid isolated from Sophora flavescens and found that KE increased LC3B-II levels while inducing the formation of autophagic vacuoles and immature autophagosomes in HeLa and HCT116 cells. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed that KE treatment generates immature autophagosomes. Furthermore, KE inhibited autophagosome maturation as demonstrated by blocking the degradation of EGFP puncta in HeLa cells stably expressing EGFP-mRFP-LC3B. It also reduced lysosomal activity and cathepsin maturation by disrupting lysosomal positioning, subsequently inducing apoptosis. Further, a combinatorial approach employing cellular thermal shift assays, revealed valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97 as a potential target protein of KE; the knockdown and overexpression of VCP/p97 confirmed its involvement in regulating lysosomal positioning for autophagy maturation via direct interactions with KE. Thus, KE may possess autophagy-regulating properties mediated by binding to VCP/p97.
机译:自噬在细胞存活中发挥着重要作用,因此被利用作为癌症治疗的重要策略。在这项研究中,我们评估了从Sophora Flavescens分离的双戊烯化黄酮类化合物的自噬 - 调节作用,发现可诱导LC3B-II水平的增加,同时诱导HeLa和Hct116中的自噬液泡和未成熟的自噬体细胞。透射电子显微镜图像显示Ke治疗产生未成熟的自噬复印体。此外,通过阻断稳定地表达EGFP-MRFP-LC3B的HELA细胞中EGFP斑块的降解,ke抑制自噬体成熟。它还通过破坏溶酶体定位,随后诱导细胞凋亡来降低溶酶体活性和组织蛋白酶成熟。此外,采用细胞热移测定的组合方法,将含缬氨酸蛋白(VCP)/ P97显示为KE的潜在靶蛋白; VCP / P97的敲低和过表达证实其参与通过与KE的直接相互作用来调节自噬成熟的溶酶体定位。因此,Ke可以具有通过与VCP / P97结合介导的自噬调节性质。

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