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Biological Role of Actin Isoforms in Mammalian Cells

机译:哺乳动物细胞肌动蛋白同种型的生物学作用

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摘要

Actin plays an important role in cellular adhesion, muscle and non-muscle contractility, migration, polarization, mitosis, and meiosis. Investigation of specific mechanisms underlying these processes is essential not only for fundamental research but also for clinical applications, since modulations of actin isoforms are directly or indirectly correlate with severe pathologies. In this review we summarize the isoform-specific functions of actin associated with adhesion structures, motility and division of normal and tumor cells; alterations of the expression and structural organization of actin isoforms in normal and tumor cells. Selective regulation of cytoplasmic - or -actin expression determines functional diversity between isoforms: -actin plays the predominant role in contraction and intercellular adhesion, and -actin is responsible for the cellular plasticity and motility. Similar data were obtained in different epithelial and mesenchymal neoplastic cell cultures, as well as in immunomorphological comparison of normal human tissues with tumor analogues. Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and cell-cell contacts is essential for proliferation control and acquisition of invasiveness in epithelial tumors.
机译:actin在细胞粘附,肌肉和非肌肉收缩性,迁移,极化,有丝分裂和减数分裂中起着重要作用。这些过程的特定机制的调查不仅适用于基本研究,而且对临床应用是必不可少的,因为肌动蛋白同种型的调节与严重病理直接或间接相关。在本次综述中,我们总结了与粘附结构,正常和肿瘤细胞的粘附结构相关的肌动蛋白的异常功能;肌动蛋白同种型在正常和肿瘤细胞中的表达和结构组织的改变。细胞质 - 或-ActIN表达的选择性调节决定了同种型之间的功能多样性:-Actin在收缩和细胞间粘附中起主要作用,并且-Actin负责细胞塑性和运动。在不同上皮和间充质肿瘤细胞培养物中获得了类似的数据,以及肿瘤类似物的正常人体组织的免疫晶体比较。肌动蛋白细胞骨架和细胞 - 细胞触点的重组对于增殖控制和上皮肿瘤中的侵袭性是必不可少的。

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