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首页> 外文期刊>Biomaterials Science >Glycerylphytate as an ionic crosslinker for 3D printing of multi-layered scaffolds with improved shape fidelity and biological features
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Glycerylphytate as an ionic crosslinker for 3D printing of multi-layered scaffolds with improved shape fidelity and biological features

机译：甘油膦酸酯作为一种用于3D印刷多层支架的离子交联剂，具有改善的形状保真和生物学特征

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The fabrication of intricate and long-term stable 3D polymeric scaffolds by a 3D printing technique is still a challenge. In the biomedical field, hydrogel materials are very frequently used because of their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, however the improvement of their processability and mechanical properties is still required. This paper reports the fabrication of dual crosslinked 3D scaffolds using a low concentrated (<10 wt%) ink of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)/chitosan and a novel crosslinking agent, glycerylphytate (G(1)Phy) to overcome the current limitations in the 3D printing field using hydrogels. The applied methodology consisted of a first ultraviolet light (UV) photopolymerization followed by a post-printing ionic crosslinking treatment with G(1)Phy. This crosslinker provides a robust framework and avoids the necessity of neutralization with strong bases. The blend ink showed shear-thinning behavior and excellent printability in the form of a straight and homogeneous filament. UV curing was undertaken simultaneously to 3D deposition, which enhanced precision and shape fidelity (resolution approximate to 150 mu m), and prevented the collapse of the subsequent printed layers (up to 28 layers). In the second step, the novel G(1)Phy ionic crosslinker agent provided swelling and long term stability properties to the 3D scaffolds. The multi-layered printed scaffolds were mechanically stable under physiological conditions for at least one month. Preliminary in vitro assays using L929 fibroblasts showed very promising results in terms of adhesion, spreading, and proliferation in comparison to other phosphate-based traditional crosslinkers (i.e. TPP). We envision that the proposed combination of the blend ink and 3D printing approach can have widespread applications in the regeneration of soft tissues.
机译：通过3D印刷技术制造复杂和长期稳定的3D聚合物支架仍然是一个挑战。在生物医学领域，水凝胶材料非常常用，因为它们具有优异的生物相容性和生物降解性，但仍然需要改善它们的可加工性和机械性能。本文报道了使用明胶甲基丙烯酰基（GELMA）/壳聚糖（GELMA）/壳聚糖和新型交联剂，甘油卟啉（G（1）PHY）的低浓缩（<10wt％）油墨制备双交联的3D支架，以克服当前限制3d使用水凝胶的打印场。所施加的方法包括第一紫外线（UV）光聚合，然后是与G（1）PHY的印染后离子交联处理。该交叉链接器提供了强大的框架，避免了强大的基础中和的必要性。混合油墨显示出剪切稀疏行为，并以直接和均匀的长丝的形式提供优异的印刷性。同时进行UV固化到3D沉积，这提高了精度和形状富力（分辨率近似为150μm），并防止后续印刷层（最多28层）的塌陷。在第二步中，新型G（1）PHY离子交联剂为3D支架提供溶胀和长期稳定性。多层印刷支架在生理条件下机械稳定至少一个月。使用L929成纤维细胞的初步体外测定表明，与其他基于磷酸盐的传统交联剂（即TPP）相比，粘附性，扩散和增殖方面具有非常有前途的结果。我们想象，混合油墨和3D印刷方法的所提出的组合可以在软组织的再生中具有广泛的应用。

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