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Primer in Genetics and Genomics, Article 6: Basics of Epigenetic Control

机译:遗传学和基因组学中的引物,第6条:表观遗传控制的基础知识

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摘要

The epigenome is a collection of chemical compounds that attach to and overlay the DNA sequence to direct gene expression. Epigenetic marks do not alter DNA sequence but instead allow or silence gene activity and the subsequent production of proteins that guide the growth and development of an organism, direct and maintain cell identity, and allow for the production of primordial germ cells (PGCs; ova and spermatozoa). The three main epigenetic marks are (1) histone modification, (2) DNA methylation, and (3) noncoding RNA, and each works in a different way to regulate gene expression. This article reviews these concepts and discusses their role in normal functions such as X-chromosome inactivation, epigenetic reprogramming during embryonic development and PGC production, and the clinical example of the imprinting disorders Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes.
机译:外延蛋白组是一系列化学化合物,其附着于并覆盖DNA序列以直接基因表达。 表观遗传标记没有改变DNA序列,而是允许或沉默基因活性和随后的蛋白质产生,以指导生物,直接和维持细胞身份的生长和发育,并允许生产原始生殖细胞(PGCS; OVA和 spermatozoa)。 三个主要的表观遗传标记是(1)组蛋白修饰,(2)DNA甲基化,(3)非编码RNA,每个作用以不同的方式调节基因表达。 本文审查了这些概念,并讨论了它们在正常功能中的作用,如X-染色体灭活,表观遗传学在胚胎发育和PGC生产期间的表现重新编程,以及印记障碍术语和PRADER-WILLI综合征的临床示例。

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