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Mechanisms and Measurement of Changes in Gene Expression

机译：基因表达变化的机制和测量

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摘要

Research on gene expression (GE) provides insights into the physiology of a cell or group of cells at a given point in time. Studies of changes in GE can be used to identify patients at higher risk for various medical conditions, a higher symptom burden, and/or the adverse consequences associated with various treatments. The aims of this article are as follows: (1) to describe the different types of RNA transcripts, (2) to describe the processes involved in GE (i.e., RNA transcription, epigenetics, and posttranscriptional modifications), (3) to describe common sources of variation in GE, (4) to describe the most common methods used to measure GE, and (5) to discuss factors to consider when choosing tissue for a GE study. This article begins with an overview of the mechanisms involved in GE. Then, the factors that can influence the findings from GE experiments (e.g., tissue specificity, host age, host gender, and time of sample collection) are described and potential solutions are presented. This article concludes with a discussion of how the types of tissue used in GE studies can affect study findings. Given that the costs associated with the measurement of changes in GE are decreasing and the methods to analyze GE data are becoming easier to use, nurse scientists need to understand the basic principles that underlie any GE study.
机译：基因表达（GE）的研究在给定时间点提供了进入细胞或一组细胞的生理学的见解。对GE的变化的研究可用于鉴定各种医疗病症的风险较高，症状负荷更高，和/或与各种治疗相关的不良后果。本文的目的如下：（1）描述不同类型的RNA转录物，（2）来描述GE（即RNA转录，表观遗传学和后术语）的过程，（3）描述常见GE的变异源，（4）描述用于测量GE的最常用方法，（5）讨论为GE研究选择组织时考虑的因素。本文首先概述了GE中涉及的机制。然后，描述了可以描述从GE实验中影响结果的因素（例如，组织特异性，宿主年龄，主机性别和样品收集时间），并提出了潜在的解决方案。本文讨论了GE研究中使用的组织类型如何影响研究结果的讨论。鉴于与GE的变化的测量相关的成本正在减少，并且分析GE数据的方法变得更容易使用，护士科学家需要了解任何GE研究的基本原则。

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