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首页> 外文期刊>Biopreservation and biobanking >Conserving and Sharing Taro Genetic Resources for the Benefit of Global Taro Cultivation: A Core Contribution of the Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees
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Conserving and Sharing Taro Genetic Resources for the Benefit of Global Taro Cultivation: A Core Contribution of the Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees

机译：保护和分享芋头遗传资源为全球芋头种植的利益：太平洋作物与树木中心的核心贡献

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摘要

This review article gives an account of the origin, domestication, and dispersal of taro, a staple food crop in many countries in the humid tropics and subtropics. Genetic diversity studies indicated that distinct gene pools exist in all the regions where taro may be naturally distributed—the Indian subcontinent, China, Southeast Asia, and in Oceania. The Asian gene pool presented the highest genetic diversity. Diploid taro is prevalent in the Pacific Islands, while both diploids and triploids are found in mainland Asia. Triploids are thought to provide better adaptability and enhanced hardiness to higher altitudes and latitudes where sexual reproduction is not viable. The Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees (CePaCT) conserves in vitro close to 70% of the taro genetic resources held ex situ and is therefore considered the world center for taro genetic resources. Phytophthora colocasiae or taro leaf blight (TLB) is the most severe disease of taro' causing 25%–50% yield losses and postharvest decay of corms. The CePaCT genebank supported the participatory TLB breeding program in Samoa through the provision of diverse taro germplasm from the Asian gene pool. However, CePaCT not only serves taro producers in the Pacific but also shares new allelic diversity of taro globally. More recent distributions of taro genetic diversity to West and Central Africa were in response to an outbreak and spread of TLB in West Africa. Global dissemination of taro genetic diversity is assisting producer countries in the process of adaptation to emerging biotic and abiotic stresses, exacerbated by climate change.
机译：该审查文章介绍了芋头的起源，驯化和分散，在潮湿的热带和亚热带中的许多国家中的一些国家。遗传多样性研究表明，所有地区都存在不同的基因池，其中芋头可能是自然分布的 - 印度次大陆，中国，东南亚和大洋洲。亚洲基因库呈现出最高的遗传多样性。二倍体芋头在太平洋岛屿上普遍存在，而两倍性和三权脂在大陆亚洲。三倍体被认为为更高的高度和纬度提供更好的适应性和增强的耐寒性，而性繁殖是不可行的。太平洋作物和树木（CEPACT）中的中心保守在体外接近70％的芋头遗传资源前的毒素，因此被认为是世界芋头遗传资源中心。 植物阵挛性结肠癌或芋头叶枯萎病（TLB）是芋头最严重的疾病，导致25％-50％的屈服损失和肠道上腐烂。 Cepact Genebank通过从亚洲基因库提供不同的芋头种质，支持萨摩亚参与性TLB育种计划。然而，CEPECT不仅为太平洋的芋头生产者提供服务，而且还股票全球芋头的新等位基因多样性。最近塔罗遗传多样性对西非和中非的遗传多样性分布是对西非TLB的爆发和传播。全球传播芋头遗传多样性正在协助生产国在适应新兴生物和非生物胁迫的过程中，通过气候变化加剧。

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