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Vavilov's Collection of Worldwide Crop Genetic Resources in the 21st Century

机译：Vavilov在21世纪的全球作物遗传资源集合

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摘要

N.I. Vavilov was among the first scientists who recognized the high potential value of plant genetic resources (PGR) for humankind. In addition to his fundamental work on the centers of crop origin, he emphasized the importance of collection and ex situ conservation of cultivated plants and their wild relatives, to make them available for breeding programs and for future generations. Vavilov's ideas formed a solid scientific basis for the long-term efforts on securing PGR in ex situ genebanks, both internationally and in Russia. The collection of seeds and living plants at the N.I. Vavilov All Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) is one of the oldest in the world. The size of the collection increased from 301 accessions in 1901 to over 330,000 accessions in 2017, now representing 64 botanical families, 376 genera, and 2169 species. Acquisition was mainly focused on crops that are suitable for cultivation in Russia such as potatoes, barley, wheat, sorghum, beans, vegetables, forage species, and many others. For over a century, VIR has been providing the materials for breeding programs and research, which resulted in developing new cultivars with unique characteristics such as high yield combined with deceased resistance, improved storability, cold and drought tolerance, or ability to grow on deserts and polluted lands. The main field collection near St. Petersburg and 11 main branches across the country covering a wide spectrum of climatic conditions combined with modern seed storage, in vitro and cryobank facilities, and molecular laboratories form a solid platform for breeding, regeneration, and evaluation of accessions in the collection. This article gives a brief overview of VIR as the leading genebank and breeding center in Russia, its main activities in conservation and utilization of PGR for national food security and its role in developing national policies in this area.
机译：你。 Vavilov是第一个认识到人类遗传资源（PGR）的高潜在价值的科学家之一。除了对农作物中心的根本性工作，他强调了收集和原地保护栽培植物及其野生亲属的重要性，使其能够为育种计划和后代提供。 Vavilov的想法为在国际和俄罗斯的国际和俄罗斯的长期努力保护PGR的长期努力成为了一项稳固的科学依据。在N.I的种子和生物植物的收集。 Vavilov All Russian of俄罗斯植物遗传资源（Vir）是世界上最古老的植物研究所。该系列的规模从1901年的301个加入增加到2017年超过330,000次，现在代表64个植物家庭，376属和2169种。收购主要专注于适合俄罗斯种植的作物，如土豆，大麦，小麦，高粱，豆类，蔬菜，牧草种类和许多其他人。超过一个世纪，Vir一直为培育方案和研究提供材料，导致开发新的品种具有独特的特性，如高产量与死者的抵抗，改善的可储存性，冷水和耐受性，或在沙漠中成长的能力污染的土地。在圣彼得堡和11个主要分支机构附近的主要场地收集，涵盖了广泛的气候条件，与现代种子储存相结合，在体外和低温仓设施中，以及分子实验室为繁殖，再生和繁殖的繁殖平台评估集合中的申请。本文简要概述了俄罗斯领先的基因库和养殖中心，其主要活动，以便在发展该地区的国家政策方面的遗传和利用。

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