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Spatiotemporal relationships between the cell shape and the actomyosin cortex of periodically protruding cells

机译：细胞形状与周期性突出细胞的放线菌素皮层之间的时空关系

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We investigate the dynamics of cell shape and analyze the actin and myosin distributions of cells exhibiting cortical density traveling waves. These waves propagate by repeated cycles of cortical compression (folding) and dilation (unfolding) that lead to periodic protrusions (oscillations) of the cell boundary. The focus of our detailed analysis is the remarkable periodicity of this phenotype, in which both the overall shape transformation and distribution of actomyosin density are repeated from cycle to cycle even though the characteristics of the shape transformation vary significantly for different regions of the cell. We show, using correlation analysis, that during traveling wave propagation cortical actin and plasma membrane densities are tightly coupled at each point along the cell periphery. We also demonstrate that the major protrusion appears at the wave trailing edge just after the actin cortex density has reached a maximum. Making use of the extraordinary periodicity, we employ latrunculin to demonstrate that sequestering actin monomers can have two distinct effects: low latrunculin concentrations can trigger and enhance traveling waves but higher concentrations of this drug retard the waves. The fundamental mechanism underlying this periodically protruding phenotype, involving folding and unfolding of the cortex-membrane couple, is likely to hold important clues for diverse phenomena including cell division and amoeboid-type migration. (c) 2015 The Authors. Cytoskeleton Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
机译：我们调查细胞形状的动力学，并分析显示皮质密度行波的细胞的肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白分布。这些波通过皮质压缩（折叠）和扩张（展开）的重复循环而传播，从而导致细胞边界的周期性突出（振荡）。我们详细分析的重点是该表型的显着周期性，其中整个形状转换和肌动球蛋白密度分布在每个周期之间都重复，即使形状转换的特性在细胞的不同区域发生了显着变化。我们使用相关分析表明，在行波传播过程中，皮质肌动蛋白和质膜的密度沿细胞周围的每个点紧密结合。我们还证明，仅在肌动蛋白皮层密度达到最大值后，主要突起出现在波后缘。利用非同寻常的周期性，我们使用拉特伦库林来证明螯合肌动蛋白单体可以产生两种不同的作用：低的拉特伦库林浓度可以触发并增强行波，但是较高浓度的这种药物会延迟行波。这种周期性突出的表型所涉及的基本机制，涉及皮质-膜对的折叠和展开，很可能为包括细胞分裂和类阿米巴型迁移在内的多种现象提供重要线索。 （c）2015作者。细胞骨架由Wiley Periodicals，Inc.发布

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