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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin of earthquake engineering >Macromodeling of in- and out-of-plane behavior of unreinforced masonry infill walls
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Macromodeling of in- and out-of-plane behavior of unreinforced masonry infill walls

机译：宏观调节的不良砌体填充墙的平面和外平面行为

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摘要

Surveys on damaged and collapsed reinforced concrete (RC) buildings following recent earthquakes indicated that poor performance is associated with the influence of unreinforced masonry (URM) infill walls. In the event of an earthquake, a typical URM infill wall is subjected to a three-dimensional acceleration field and undergoes simultaneous in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OoP) loading. Depending on the direction of the seismic action, the observed damage mechanisms for URM infill walls may be classified as IP and OoP performance failures or a combination of both. Since the turn of the millennium, there have been a number of distinct experimental studies in the field of infilled frames, addressing the OoP response of URM infill walls. This has led to a number of numerical macro models able to represent the OoP behavior of the URM infill wall. The main limitation of the proposed models is the difficulty in using them as practical models, since all the proposed models were implemented in software tools without a graphical user interface (GUI), such as OpenSees. In this paper, one of the recently presented models is utilized and a methodology presented for a more practical and user-friendly implementation. The model previously validated using OpenSees is recalibrated and revalidated using the computer software SAP2000, which has a powerful GUI utilizing the material models and numerical elements available in the program library. The model considers the IP and OoP response as well as their interaction. For the determination of failure patterns, respective local damage grades for primary (frame) and secondary (infill wall) elements are defined. Finally, a four-story RC frame structure with URM infill walls, which was tested in the European Laboratory for Structural Assessment considering the IP response only, is used to assess the combined failure mechanism of URM infill walls through the concept of interaction curves.
机译：近期地震后损坏和折叠钢筋混凝土（RC）建筑的调查表明，性能不佳与未原始的砌体（URM）填充墙的影响有关。在地震发生时，典型的URM填充壁经受三维加速场，并经历同时面内（IP）和外平面（OOP）负载。根据地震作用的方向，URM填充墙的观察到的损坏机制可以被归类为IP和OOP性能故障或两者的组合。自千年之后，缺陷框架领域已经存在许多不同的实验研究，解决了URM填充墙的OOP响应。这导致了许多数字宏型，能够表示URM填充墙的OOP行为。拟议模型的主要限制是难以使用它们作为实际模型，因为所有提议的模型都是在没有图形用户界面（GUI）的软件工具中实现的，例如Opensees。在本文中，利用了最近呈现的模型之一，并且提供了一种用于更实用和用户友好的实现的方法。使用OpenSees先前验证的模型使用计算机软件SAP2000重新校准并重新验证，该计算机软件具有功能强大的GUI，利用程序库中可用的材料模型和数字元素。该模型考虑IP和OOP响应以及它们的交互。为了确定故障模式，定义了主要（帧）和次级（填充壁）元件的各个局部损伤等级。最后，使用URM填充墙的四层RC帧结构，在欧洲实验室中测试了考虑到IP响应的结构评估，用于评估URM填充壁的组合失败机制通过交互曲线的概念。

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