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An empirical approach of accounting for the amplification effects induced by near-fault directivity

机译：近故障方向性诱导扩增效应的实证方法

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How to incorporate near-fault directivity effect into the ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) is an active research topic in recent years. Many studies demonstrated that the directivity could amplify the spectral accelerations (S-a) in a range close to the pulse period (T-p). This study intends to propose a new empirical narrowband model for including such effects. The ratio of the S (a) from the original ground motions to the S-a from the residual ground motions is employed to quantify this amplification effects, under the assumption that the S-a from the residual ground motions are well predicted by the non-directivity-included GMPEs. Differing from previous models that suggested the amplified S (a) arise in a smooth bell-shaped pattern, the proposed model assumes that the peak amplification occurs as a plateau in the intermediate range. This plateau, having a constant ordinate of about 3.31, starts and ends at the period of 0.75 and 1.09 times the T-p, respectively; while in the other ranges the amplification decreases away from the two sides of this plateau. To further simplify the proposed model, two additional controlling periods are derived to determine the period range with significant amplification effects. Then the proposed model is expressed in the form of a piecewise function comprising five line segments. Finally, it is concluded that the non-directivity-included GMPEs, when multiplying the proposed model, can reasonably approximate the S-a of the original ground motions in the statistical sense within the T-p-related range.
机译：如何将近故障方向性效应纳入地面运动预测方程（GMPE）是近年来积极的研究主题。许多研究表明，方向性可以在接近脉冲周期（T-P）的范围内扩增光谱加速度（S-A）。本研究打算提出一种新的经验窄带模型，包括如此效果。从残留地运动中从原始接地运动到SA的S（a）与SA的比率用于量化该扩增效果，假设来自残留地运动的SA通过非方向性的良好预测GMPES。与先前模型的不同，建议放大的S（a）以平滑的钟形图案出现，所提出的模型假设在中间范围内的高原发生峰值放大。该高原，恒定纵坐标约为3.31，分别在0.75和1.09倍的时间开始和结束T-P期间;在另一个范围内，扩增从本高原的两侧降低。为了进一步简化所提出​​的模型，导出了两个额外的控制周期以确定具有显着放大效果的周期范围。然后，所提出的模型以包括五线段的分段函数的形式表示。最后，得出结论，当拟议模型乘以拟议模型时，非直接算术包括的GMPE可以合理地将原始地面运动中的S-A与T-P相关范围内的统计学意义上的S-A相近。

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