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Implementing effects of site conditions in damage estimated at urban scale

机译：在城市规模估计损害中的实施效果

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Local site effects due to geotechnical conditions modify seismic motions on surface. This implies that during a given earthquake, buildings located on soft sites may experience a higher damage than similar buildings resting on nearby rock sites. The aim of this study is to provide an estimation of the influence of site conditions on the buildings damage distribution. We combine an approach adapted from the Hazus methodology for the assessment of building damage, with the Borcherdt non linear site amplification factors, that enable to characterize the high and low frequency amplification as a function of V-S30 (the average shear wave velocity in the upper 30m) and ground motion levels. Analysis of obtained results indicates that, seismic damage expressed by the normalized mean damage index depends not only on seismic shaking level and building typology but also on site conditions through the shear wave velocity proxy. A regression relationship is established between the seismic damage and both shaking levels and site conditions, aiming at presenting a simple, rapid tool for estimating this damage at urban areas. An index, the damage increase ratio, is proposed to quantify the increase of damage resulting from site effects, and its dependence on loading level and site conditions are quantified and discussed for the main building typologies present in Algeria. Depending on the building typology, the overall damage may vary within a range of 2-5 for moderate shaking (0.1g) between hard rock and very soft soil, and within a range 1-1.5 for strong shaking (0.5g). The reduction of the impact of site conditions with increasing shaking level is directly linked with the nonlinear soil behavior.
机译：由于岩土条件导致的局部网站效应改变表面上的地震动作。这意味着在给定的地震期间，位于软点的建筑物可能比在附近的岩位位于附近的类似建筑物造成更高的伤害。本研究的目的是估算现场条件对建筑物损伤分布的影响。我们将一种方法组合从斑鲁斯方法进行的方法进行评估，以评估建筑物损坏，具有BorcherDT非线性站点放大因子，使得能够以V-S30的函数表征高频和低频放大（平均剪切波速度）上30米）和地面运动水平。获得的结果分析表明，由归一化平均损伤指数表达的地震损伤不仅取决于地震振荡水平和建筑物类型，还取决于通过剪切波速度代理的现场条件。在地震损伤和摇动水平和现场条件之间建立了回归关系，旨在提出一种简单的快速工具，以估算城市地区的这种损害。提出了一种指数，损伤增加的比率来量化现场效应导致的损害的增加，其对负载水平和现场条件的依赖性被量化，并讨论了阿尔及利亚的主要建筑类型。根据建筑类型，整体损坏在2-5的范围内，适用于硬岩和非常柔软的土壤之间的中等摇动（0.1g），在1-1.5范围内，对于强烈的振动（0.5g）。在增加摇动水平随着非线性土壤行为直接连接现场条件的影响与非线性土壤行为直接相关。

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