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首页> 外文期刊>Catena: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Soil Science Hydrology-Geomorphology Focusing on Geoecology and Landscape Evolution >Soil spatial patterns analysis at the ancient city of Ibida (Dobrogea, SE Romania), via portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and multivariate statistical methods
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Soil spatial patterns analysis at the ancient city of Ibida (Dobrogea, SE Romania), via portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and multivariate statistical methods

机译：Ibida（Dobrogea，Se Romania）古城土壤空间模式分析，通过便携式X射线荧光光谱法和多变量统计方法

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摘要

In this study we investigated the potential usefulness of multi-elemental soil analysis, obtained by a portable XRF spectrometer, to recognize ancient anthropogenic features, compared to the natural context on the territory of Roman-Byzantine Ibida city (Dobrogea, SE Romania). Soil samples were collected from 16 soil profiles and 2 archaeological excavations, from each soil horizon and cultural layer. Pearson correlation matrix of topsoil elements showed significant correlations among the various geogenic elements such as Ti, Fe, Mn, Zr, Ba and Cr. In the case of P, a strong correlation was found with Ca, a lower correlation with K, and no significant correlation with the other elements. Also, Cu and Zn behave differently, showing no significant correlation with any of the elements. Principal components analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) were carried out in order to identify groups of inter-correlated variables and assess the degree of association among soil profiles. The correlation between soil elements and the principal components suggest the presence of three groups which were defined as the geogenic, archaeo-anthropogenic and agro-anthropogenic component. Spatial distribution of topsoil elements was mapped by geostatistical methods in order to see if their spatial patterns reveal the influence of human activities. Although the results show that certain elements such as Ca, P and K present higher concentrations in the Ibida fortress area, we found that the interpretation of multi-elemental composition of the topsoil only is not sufficient for an accurate identification of the ancient characteristics which can be linked to the Roman-Byzantine period. Hence, we wanted to know if the presence of archaeological sites could be revealed by higher variation degree of soil elemental data along the profile depth. Therefore, we tested the utility of a synthetic statistical index, namely the variation coefficient, which was computed for each soil profile using all the available data. The results showed that if the index was standardized according to profile depth, then it became a useful indicator for the presence of ancient human activities.
机译：在这项研究中，我们研究了通过便携式XRF光谱仪获得的多元素土壤分析的潜在有用性，以识别古代人为特征，与罗马 - 拜占达城市（Dobrogea，Se Romania）境内的自然语境相比。从每种土壤曲线和培养层，从16个土壤曲线和2个考古挖掘收集土壤样品。表层中的Pearson相关基质表明，诸如Ti，Fe，Mn，Zr，Ba和Cr等各种造工元素之间的相关性。在P的情况下，利用CA发现强相关，与K较低的相关性，与其他元件无显着相关性。而且，Cu和Zn的表现不同，显示与任何元件没有明显的相关性。进行主成分分析（PCA）和附聚层次聚类（AHC），以识别相关变量的组，并评估土壤谱之间的关联程度。土壤元素与主要成分之间的相关性表明存在三组，其被定义为造环，古代人为和农药组分。表土元素的空间分布被地质统计方法映射，以便他们的空间模式是否揭示了人类活动的影响。虽然结果表明，诸如Ca，P和K等某些元素在IBIDA堡区呈现出更高的浓度，但我们发现对TopSoil的多元素组成的解释是不足以准确识别古代特征的与罗马 - 拜占庭期间联系起来。因此，我们想知道考古站点是否可以通过沿着轮廓深度的土壤元素数据的更高变化程度来揭示。因此，我们测试了合成统计指标的效用，即使用所有可用数据为每个土壤分布计算的变化系数。结果表明，如果指数根据配置文件深度标准化，那么它成为存在古代人类活动的有用指标。

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