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Metabolic Effects of Dietary Nitrate in Health and Disease

机译：膳食硝酸盐在健康与疾病中的代谢效应

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Nitric oxide (NO), generated from L-arginine and oxygen by NO synthases, is a pleiotropic signaling molecule involved in cardiovascular and metabolic regulation. More recently, an alternative pathway for the formation of this free radical has been explored. The inorganic anions nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-), originating from dietary and endogenous sources, generate NO bioactivity in a process involving seemingly symbiotic oral bacteria and host enzymes in blood and tissues. The described cardio-metabolic effects of dietary nitrate from experimental and clinical studies include lowering of blood pressure, improved endothelial function, increased exercise performance, and reversal of metabolic syndrome, as well as antidiabetic effects. The mechanisms underlying the salutary metabolic effects of nitrate are being revealed and include interaction with mitochondrial respiration, activation of key metabolic regulatory pathways, and reduction of oxidative stress. Here we review the recent advances in the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, focusing on metabolic effects in health and disease.
机译：从L-精氨酸和氧没有合成酶产生的一氧化氮（NO）是涉及心血管和代谢调节的肺炎信号传导分子。最近，已经探讨了形成这种自由基的替代途径。硝酸根（NO 3-）和亚硝酸盐（NO 2-）的无机阴离子（NO 2-），在涉及看似共生的口腔细菌和血液和组织中的宿主酶的过程中产生没有生物活性。所描述的膳食硝酸盐从实验和临床研究的表达效应包括降低血压，提高内皮功能，增加的运动性能，以及代谢综合征的逆转，以及抗糖尿病效应。揭示了硝酸盐的良良代谢作用的机制，包括与线粒体呼吸的相互作用，激活关键代谢调节途径和氧化应激的降低。在这里，我们审查了硝酸盐 - 亚硝酸盐除途径的最新进展，重点是健康和疾病的代谢效应。

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