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The role of Piezo proteins and cellular mechanosensing in tuning the fate of transplanted stem cells

机译:压电蛋白和细胞机械溶解在移植干细胞的命运中的作用

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摘要

Differentiation of stem cells can be modulated by a combination of internal and external signals, including mechanical cues from the surrounding microenvironment. Although numerous chemical and biological agents have been recognized in regulating stem cells' fate, little is known about their potential to directly sense the mechanical signals to choose differentiation into a specific lineage. The success of any stem cell transplantation effort, however, hinges on thorough understanding of the fate of these cells under different signals, including mechanical cues. Various proteins are involved in the mechanical sensing process. Of these, Piezo proteins, as the ion channels activated by membrane tension and mechanical signals, play an important role in translating the information of mechanical forces such as rigidity and topography of the extracellular matrix to the intracellular signaling pathways related to stem cell homing and differentiation. They also play a key role in terms of shear stresses and tensile loads in expansion systems. This review highlights key evidence for the potential of mechanically gated ion channels expressed by human stem cells, and the mechanotransduction and past mechanomemory in the fate of transplanted stem cells. With this knowledge in mind, by controlling the tissue-specific patterns of mechanical forces in the scaffolds, we may further improve the regulation of homing, the differentiation, and the fate of transplanted stem cells.
机译:干细胞的分化可以通过内部和外部信号的组合来调节,包括来自周围微环境的机械提示。尽管在调节干细胞的命运时已经识别了许多化学和生物制剂,但是迄今为止它们的潜力众所周知,直接感测机械信号以选择分化成特定谱系。然而,任何干细胞移植劳动的成功都在彻底了解不同信号下这些细胞的命运,包括机械提示。各种蛋白质参与机械传感过程。其中,作为通过膜张力和机械信号激活的离子通道的压电蛋白在将机械力的信息(例如细胞外基质的刚性和形貌)转换为与干细胞归巢和分化相关的内部信号传导途径起到重要作用。它们还在膨胀系统中的剪切应力和拉伸载荷方面发挥关键作用。该综述突出了人干细胞表达机械门通道的潜能的关键证据,以及在移植干细胞的命运中和过去的机制和过去机制。通过考虑到这种知识,通过控制支架中的机械力的组织特异性模式,我们可以进一步改善移植干细胞的归巢,分化和命运的调节。

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