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首页> 外文期刊>Cell and Tissue Research >Chondrogenesis of embryonic limb bud cells in micromass culture progresses rapidly to hypertrophy and is modulated by hydrostatic pressure
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Chondrogenesis of embryonic limb bud cells in micromass culture progresses rapidly to hypertrophy and is modulated by hydrostatic pressure

机译：微粉培养中胚胎肢体芽细胞的软骨发生迅速迅速升高，通过静压压力调节

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Chondrogenesis in vivo is precisely controlled in time and space. The entire limb skeleton forms from cells at the core of the early limb bud that condense and undergo chondrogenic differentiation. Whether they form stable cartilage at the articular surface of the joint or transient cartilage that progresses to hypertrophy as endochondral bone, replacing the cartilage template of the skeletal rudiment, is spatially controlled over several days in the embryo. Here, we follow the differentiation of cells taken from the early limb bud (embryonic day 11.5), grown in high-density micromass culture and show that a self-organising pattern of evenly spaced cartilage nodules occurs spontaneously in growth medium. Although chondrogenesis is enhanced by addition of BMP6 to the medium, the spatial pattern of nodule formation is disrupted. We show rapid progression of the entire nodule to hypertrophy in culture and therefore loss of the local signals required to direct formation of stable cartilage. Dynamic hydrostatic pressure, which we have previously predicted to be a feature of the forming embryonic joint region, had a stabilising effect on chondrogenesis, reducing expression of hypertrophic marker genes. This demonstrates the use of micromass culture as a relatively simple assay to compare the effect of both biophysical and molecular signals on spatial and temporal control of chondrogenesis that could be used to examine the response of different types of progenitor cell, both adult- and embryo-derived.
机译：体内软骨发生在时间和空间中精确控制。整个肢体骨架从细胞中形成核心的细胞，其浓缩和经历软弱化学分化。它们是否在关节或瞬态软骨的关节表面形成稳定的软骨，以进展为肥大骨的肥大，取代骨骼窦的软骨模板，在胚胎中的几天内被空间控制。在这里，我们遵循从早期肢体芽（胚胎第11.5天）所取的细胞的分化，在高密度的微粉培养中生长，表明在生长培养基中自发地发生均匀间隔的软骨结节的自组织模式。尽管通过添加BMP6至培养基，细胞发生增强，但结节形成的空间模式被破坏。我们展现了整个结节的快速进展，以培养肥大，因此损失了指导稳定软骨所需的局部信号。我们以前预测的动态静水压压力是对形成胚胎接合区域的特征，对软骨发生具有稳定性，降低了肥厚标记基因的表达。这证明了微粉粉培养物作为相对简单的测定，以比较生物物理和分子信号对软骨发生的空间和时间控制的影响，可用于检查不同类型祖细胞的响应，成人和胚胎 - 衍生的。

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