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首页> 外文期刊>Cell and Tissue Research >Maximized complexity in miniaturized brains: morphology and distribution of octopaminergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons in the parasitic wasp, Trichogramma evanescens
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Maximized complexity in miniaturized brains: morphology and distribution of octopaminergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons in the parasitic wasp, Trichogramma evanescens

机译：小型化大脑中最大化的复杂性：寄生黄蜂中辛胺能，多巴胺能和Serotonergic神经元的形态和分布，Thrichogramma Evanescens

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The parasitic wasp, Trichogramma evanescens, is an extremely small insect, with a body length as small as 0.3 mm. To facilitate this miniaturization, their brains may have evolved to contain smaller neural components and/or reduced neural complexity than larger insects. Here, we study whether the size and number of neurons are reduced in the miniaturized brain of T. evanescens, focusing on neurons that express serotonin (5HT), octopamine (OA) and dopamine (DA). We provide the first description of the distribution, projection patterns and number of 5HT-, OA- and DA-like immunoreactive cell bodies in T. evanescens and compare our observations with descriptions of much larger insects. The brains of T. evanescens contain comparable numbers of monoaminergic neurons to those of larger insects. Serotonergic neurons appear to be especially conserved; most of the clusters contain a similar number of neurons to those described in Apis mellifera and Drosophila melanogaster. This maintained complexity may have been facilitated by miniaturization of neuron size. However, many dopaminergic and some octopaminergic neuron clusters in T. evanescens contain fewer neurons than in larger insects. Modification of the complexity of these monoaminergic systems may have been necessary to maintain neuron functionality during brain miniaturization in T. evanescens. Our results reveal some of the evolutionary adaptations that may enable behavioural and cognitive complexity with respect to miniaturized brains.
机译：寄生黄蜂，Trichograckmma Evanescens是一只非常小的昆虫，体长小至0.3毫米。为了促进这种小型化，它们的大脑可能已经进化以含有较小的神经成分和/或减少神经复杂性而不是较大的昆虫。在这里，我们研究神经元的大小和数量是否在T. EvaneScens的小型化脑中降低，重点是表达血清素（5HT），八氰胺（OA）和多巴胺（DA）的神经元。我们提供了T. Evanescens的分布，投影模式和5HT，OA和DA样免疫反应性细胞体的第一个描述，并将我们的观察结果与更大的昆虫的描述进行了比较。 T. EvaneScens的脑子含有可比较数量的单氨基能神经元给较大的昆虫。血清onoRoneric神经元似乎特别保守;大多数簇含有与Apis Mellifera和果蝇Melanogaster中描述的那些类似的神经元。通过神经元大小的小型化可能已经促进了这种保持的复杂性。然而，许多多巴胺能和T.VaneScens的一些八达水晶神经元簇含有较少的神经元，而不是较大的昆虫。在脑小型化期间，可能需要在T. Evanescens的脑小型化期间维持神经元功能的复杂性的修饰。我们的结果揭示了一些进化适应，可以使行为和认知复杂性相对于小型化的大脑能够实现。

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