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The social network: Impact of host and microbial interactions on bacterial antibiotic tolerance and persistence

机译：社会网络：宿主和微生物相互作用对细菌抗生素耐受性和持久性的影响

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摘要

Antibiotics have vastly improved our quality of life since their discovery and introduction into modern medicine. Yet, widespread use and misuse have compromised the efficacy of these compounds and put our ability to cure infectious diseases in jeopardy. To defend themselves against antibiotics, bacteria have evolved an arsenal of survival strategies. In addition to acquiring mutations and genetic determinants that confer antibiotic resistance, bacteria can respond to environmental cues and adopt reversible phenotypic changes that transiently enhance their ability to survive adverse conditions, including those brought on by antibiotics. These antibiotic tolerant and persistent bacteria, which are prevalent in biofilms and can survive antimicrobial therapy without inheriting resistance, are thought to underlie treatment failure and infection relapse. At infection sites, bacteria encounter a range of signals originating from host immunity and the local microbiota that can induce transcriptomic and metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we will focus on the impact of host factors and microbial interactions on antibiotic tolerance and persistence. We will also outline current efforts in leveraging the knowledge of hostmicrobe and microbe-microbe interactions in designing therapies that potentiate antibiotic activity and reduce the burden caused by recurrent infections.
机译：抗生素从发现和介绍现代医学以来，抗生素大大提高了我们的生活质量。然而，广泛的使用和滥用损害了这些化合物的功效并使我们治愈了危险中的传染病的能力。为了防御抗生素，细菌已经发展了生存策略的阿森纳。除了获取赋予抗生素抗性的突变和遗传决定因素，细菌可以对环境提示进行响应，并采用可逆表型变化，瞬时提高其生存不良条件的能力，包括抗生素带来的那些。这些抗生素耐受性和持续的细菌在生物膜中普遍存在，并且可以在不具有遗传性抵抗的情况下存活抗菌治疗，被认为是治疗失败和感染复发。在感染遗址，细菌遇到源自宿主免疫和局部微生物群的一系列信号，可以诱导转录组和代谢重编程。在本综述中，我们将重点关注宿主因子和微生物相互作用对抗生素耐受性和持久性的影响。我们还将概述当前努力，利用Hostmicrobe和微生物微生物相互作用的设计疗法，使抗生素活性的疗法和减少经常感染引起的负担。

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