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Insulin-like growth factor 1-receptor signaling stimulates GRP78 expression through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/ATF4 axis

机译:胰岛素样生长因子1-受体信号传导通过PI3K / AKT / MTOR / ATF4轴刺激GRP78表达

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摘要

GRP78, a major molecular chaperone, is critical for the folding and maturation of membrane and secretory proteins and serves as the master regulator of the unfolded protein response. Thus, GRP78 is frequently upregulated in highly proliferative cells to cope with elevated protein synthesis and metabolic stress. IGF-1 is a potent regulator of cell growth, metabolism and survival. Previously we discovered that GRP78 is a novel downstream target of IGF-1 signaling by utilizing mouse embryonic fibroblast model systems where the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) was either overexpressed (R+) or knockout (R-). Here we investigated the mechanisms whereby GRP78 is upregulated in the R+ cells. Our studies revealed that suppression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR downstream of IGF-1R signaling resulted in concurrent decrease in GRP78 and the transcription factor ATF4. Through knock-down and overexpression studies, we established ATF4 as the essential downstream nodal of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway critical for GRP78 transcriptional upregulation mediated by IGF-1R.
机译:GRP78是一个主要的分子伴侣,对膜和分泌蛋白的折叠和成熟至关重要,并用作展开蛋白质反应的主调节器。因此,GRP78经常在高增殖细胞中上调以应对升高的蛋白质合成和代谢应力。 IGF-1是细胞生长,代谢和存活的有效调节因子。以前,我们发现GRP78是通过利用IGF-1受体(IGF-1R)过表达(R +)或敲除(R-)的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞模型系统,是IGF-1信号传导的新型下游靶。在这里,我们研究了GRP78在R +细胞中上调的机制。我们的研究表明,GRP78和转录因子ATF4的同时降低了IGF-1R信号传导下游PI3K / AKT / MTOR的抑制。通过倒下和过度表达研究,我们建立了ATF4作为PI3K / AKT / MTOR信号传导途径的基本下游节点,对于通过IGF-1R介导的GRP78转录上调至关重要。

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