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Supramolecular cellular filament systems: How and why do they form?

机译：超分子细胞细丝系统：它们如何形成，为什么形成？

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摘要

All cells, from simple bacteria to complex human tissues, rely on extensive networks of protein fibers to help maintain their proper form and function. These filament systems usually do not operate as single filaments, but form complex suprastructures, which are essential for specific cellular functions. Here, we describe the progress in determining the architectures of molecular filamentous suprastructures, the principles leading to their formation, and the mechanisms by which they may facilitate function. The complex eukaryotic cytoskeleton is tightly regulated by a large number of actin- or microtubule-associated proteins. In contrast, recently discovered bacterial actins and tubulins have few associated regulatory proteins. Hence, the quest to find basic principles that govern the formation of filamentous suprastructures is simplified in bacteria. Three common principles, which have been probed extensively during evolution, can be identified that lead to suprastructures formation: cationic counterion fluctuations; self-association into liquid crystals; and molecular crowding. The underlying physics of these processes will be discussed with respect to physiological circumstance.
机译：从简单细菌到复杂的人体组织，所有细胞都依赖于广泛的蛋白质纤维网络来帮助维持其适当的形式和功能。这些细丝系统通常不作为单个细丝运行，而是形成复杂的超结构，这对于特定的细胞功能至关重要。在这里，我们描述了确定分子丝状超结构的结构，导致其形成的原理以及它们促进功能的机理的进展。复杂的真核细胞骨架受到大量肌动蛋白或微管相关蛋白的严格调控。相反，最近发现的细菌肌动蛋白和微管蛋白几乎没有相关的调节蛋白。因此，在细菌中简化了寻找控制丝状超结构形成的基本原理的探索。可以确定导致进化的超结构的三个普遍原理，它们在进化过程中得到了广泛的探索：阳离子抗衡离子起伏;自缔合成液晶;和分子拥挤。这些过程的基础物理学将在生理环境方面进行讨论。

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