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首页> 外文期刊>Cytoskeleton >Tropomodulins: Pointed-end capping proteins that regulate actin filament architecture in diverse cell types
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Tropomodulins: Pointed-end capping proteins that regulate actin filament architecture in diverse cell types

机译:Tropomodulins:在多种细胞类型中调节肌动蛋白丝结构的尖端封端蛋白

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摘要

Tropomodulins are a family of four proteins (Tmods 1-4) that cap the pointed ends of actin filaments in actin cytoskeletal structures in a developmentally regulated and tissue-specific manner. Unique among capping proteins, Tmods also bind tropomyosins (TMs), which greatly enhance the actin filament pointed-end capping activity of Tmods. Tmods are defined by a TM-regulated/Pointed-End Actin Capping (TM-Cap) domain in their unstructured N-terminal portion, followed by a compact, folded Leucine-Rich Repeat/Pointed-End Actin Capping (LRR-Cap) domain. By inhibiting actin monomer association and dissociation from pointed ends, Tmods regulate actin dynamics and turnover, stabilizing actin filament lengths and cytoskeletal architecture. In this review, we summarize the genes, structural features, molecular and biochemical properties, actin regulatory mechanisms, expression patterns, and cell and tissue functions of Tmods. By understanding Tmods' functions in the context of their molecular structure, actin regulation, binding partners, and related variants (leiomodins 1-3), we can draw broad conclusions that can explain the diverse morphological and functional phenotypes that arise from Tmod perturbation experiments in vitro and in vivo. Tmod-based stabilization and organization of intracellular actin filament networks provide key insights into how the emergent properties of the actin cytoskeleton drive tissue morphogenesis and physiology.
机译:对转调节蛋白是四个蛋白家族(Tmods 1-4),它们以发育受调节和组织特异性的方式覆盖肌动蛋白细胞骨架结构中肌动蛋白丝的尖端。在封端蛋白中独特的是,Tmods还结合原肌球蛋白(TMs),这极大地增强了Tmods的肌动蛋白丝尖端封端活性。 Tmods由其非结构化的N末端部分中的TM调节/尖端肌动蛋白封端(TM-Cap)域定义,然后紧紧折叠折叠的亮氨酸富集的重复/尖端肌动蛋白封端(LRR-Cap)域。通过抑制肌动蛋白单体从尖端的缔合和解离,Tmods调节肌动蛋白的动力学和更新,稳定肌动蛋白丝的长度和细胞骨架结构。在这篇综述中,我们总结了Tmods的基因,结构特征,分子和生化特性,肌动蛋白调节机制,表达模式以及细胞和组织功能。通过了解Tmods在其分子结构,肌动蛋白调节,结合伴侣和相关变体(leomomodins 1-3)中的功能,我们可以得出广泛的结论,可以解释Tmod扰动实验中产生的各种形态和功能表型。体外和体内。基于Tmod的细胞内肌动蛋白丝网络的稳定和组织为肌动蛋白细胞骨架的新兴特性如何驱动组织形态发生和生理学提供了重要见识。

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