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首页> 外文期刊>Cytoskeleton >Ultrastructural Evidence that Motility Changes Caused by Variations in ATP, Mg2+, and ADP Correlate to Conformational Changes in Reactivated Bull Sperm Axonemes
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Ultrastructural Evidence that Motility Changes Caused by Variations in ATP, Mg2+, and ADP Correlate to Conformational Changes in Reactivated Bull Sperm Axonemes

机译：超微结构的证据表明，ATP，Mg2 +和ADP的变化引起的运动性变化与活化的公牛精子轴突的构象变化有关

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We report the results of an ultrastructural study of Triton X-100-extracted, Mg-adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-reactivated bull sperm. We utilized a rapid fixation method to look for differences in the flagellar apparatus that correlate to the state of motility of reactivated sperm models. In a companion article, we examined the motility characteristics induced in bull sperm models by varying the concentration ratio of ATP and Mg2+ and the stabilizing effect of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) on coordinated beating. Based on the results of that report, we selected four dissimilar states that appeared to represent extremes. One reactivation condition produces vigorous motility similar to live sperm, another produces large amplitude, low frequency beating while the remaining two conditions produce small amplitude vibrations of the flagellum with little coordinated beating. Morphometric analysis of transmission electron micrographs of sperm from these four treatment conditions revealed statistically significant differences between the samples in regard to axoneme diameter, inter-microtubule doublet spacing, and outer dense fiber (ODF) spacing. Our results show that Mg2+ decreases the axoneme diameter and reduces interdoublet spacing, while ATP, uncomplexed with Mg2+, had the opposite effect. We also provide supporting evidence that this may be due to Mg2+ increasing, and ATP decreasing, the interdoublet adhesion of dynein. We also found that 4 mM ADP significantly increases the separation between the ODFs and the space between the ODFs and the central axoneme within the middle piece. We present a hypothetical explanation that is consistent with our results to explain how ATP, ADP, and Mg2+ act to regulate the beat cycle. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
机译：我们报告了Triton X-100提取的三磷酸镁腺苷（ATP）活化的公牛精子的超微结构研究的结果。我们利用快速固定方法来寻找鞭毛器中与重新激活的精子模型的运动状态相关的差异。在另一篇文章中，我们通过改变ATP和Mg2 +的浓度比以及二磷酸腺苷（ADP）对协调性搏动的稳定作用，研究了在公牛精子模型中诱导的运动特征。根据该报告的结果，我们选择了四个代表极端的不同状态。一种再活化条件产生类似于活精子的剧烈运动，另一种活化条件产生大幅度，低频跳动，而其余两种条件产生鞭毛的小幅度振动且协调性跳动很少。这四种治疗条件下精子的透射电子显微照片的形态计量学分析显示，样品之间在轴突直径，微管间双峰间距和外部致密纤维（ODF）间距方面具有统计学上的显着差异。我们的结果表明，Mg2 +减小了轴突直径并减小了双联间隔，而未与Mg2 +混合的ATP则具有相反的作用。我们还提供了支持性证据，表明这可能是由于Mg2 +的增加和ATP的减少所引起的，动力蛋白的双线粘附。我们还发现4 mM ADP显着增加了ODF之间的间隔以及ODF与中间部分中央轴突之间的间隔。我们提出了一个与我们的结果相符的假设解释，以解释ATP，ADP和Mg2 +如何调节节拍周期。 （c）2014年威利期刊有限公司

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