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Actin filamentsA target for redox regulation

机译:肌动蛋白丝靶向氧化还原调节

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Actin and its ability to polymerize into dynamic filaments is critical for the form and function of cells throughout the body. While multiple proteins have been characterized as affecting actin dynamics through noncovalent means, actin and its protein regulators are also susceptible to covalent modifications of their amino acid residues. In this regard, oxidation-reduction (Redox) intermediates have emerged as key modulators of the actin cytoskeleton with multiple different effects on cellular form and function. Here, we review work implicating Redox intermediates in post-translationally altering actin and discuss what is known regarding how these alterations affect the properties of actin. We also focus on two of the best characterized enzymatic sources of these Redox intermediatesthe NADPH oxidase NOX and the flavoprotein monooxygenase MICALand detail how they have both been identified as altering actin, but share little similarity and employ different means to regulate actin dynamics. Finally, we discuss the role of these enzymes and redox signaling in regulating the actin cytoskeleton in vivo and highlight their importance for neuronal form and function in health and disease. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
机译:肌动蛋白及其聚合成动态细丝的能力对于全身细胞的形式和功能至关重要。虽然多种蛋白质已被表征为通过非共价方式影响肌动蛋白动力学,但肌动蛋白及其蛋白调节剂也容易对其氨基酸残基进行共价修饰。在这方面,氧化还原(Redox)中间体已成为肌动蛋白细胞骨架的关键调节剂,对细胞的形态和功能具有多种不同的作用。在这里,我们回顾了与氧化还原中间体有关的翻译后改变肌动蛋白的研究,并讨论了有关这些改变如何影响肌动蛋白特性的已知信息。我们还集中研究了这些氧化还原中间体的两个最有特色的酶源,即NADPH氧化酶NOX和黄素蛋白单加氧酶MICAL,并详细介绍了它们如何被识别为改变肌动蛋白,但几乎没有相似之处,并采用不同的方式来调节肌动蛋白的动力学。最后,我们讨论了这些酶和氧化还原信号在调节体内肌动蛋白细胞骨架中的作用,并突出了它们对于健康和疾病中神经元形式和功能的重要性。 (c)2016年威利期刊有限公司

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