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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Late-season water management effects on quality and yield of processing tomatoes.
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Late-season water management effects on quality and yield of processing tomatoes.

机译：后期水管理对加工番茄的质量和产量有影响。

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摘要

Growers trying to improve fruit quality often stress processing tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) during ripening by cutting back irrigation. Because the amount that growers need to cutback on irrigation to optimize fruit quality and yield may be site-specific, it is difficult to make recommendations on late-season irrigation management. Irrigation trials were conducted during the 2001/02 season in 16 commercial processing tomato fields in California, USA, to evaluate strategies for improving fruit quality under various types of soil conditions. Fields selected represented a range of soil types (clay to silty clay loam), irrigation systems (drip, furrow, and sprinkler), and water table depths (60 to >150 cm below soil surface). All trials included a conventional (3 to 5 weeks before harvest) and an early cutoff treatment (1 to 2 weeks before conventional treatment). Soil moisture was monitored in each plot to a 110-cm depth using a neutron probe. Fruit yield and quality were evaluated from hand-harvested and machine harvested plots. Early cutoff or irrigation significantly increased brix levels, improved fruit colour, and decreased fruit size. Irrigation cutoff also decreased yields by an average of 3.1 mg/ha per increase of 0.1 degrees Brix. Brix yields were not significantly different between irrigation treatments. Fruit quality and yields also varied significantly among trial sites. The highest brix yields were measured on clay loam soils without the presence of a shallow water table, while the lowest brix yields were measured on clay soils with a shallow water table persisting throughout the season. Sites with Fusarium wilt [Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici] had reduced fruit yields and high brix levels. Differences in brix levels between irrigation treatments and among sites were correlated to soil moisture tension in the 15- to 75-cm soil layer during the period from fruit ripening to harvest.
机译：试图提高果实品质的种植者经常在成熟期间通过减少灌溉来强调加工西红柿（番茄）。由于种植者减少灌溉以优化果实品质和产量所需的量可能因地而异，因此很难就后期灌溉管理提出建议。在2001/02年度，在美国加利福尼亚的16个商业加工番茄田中进行了灌溉试验，以评估在各种土壤条件下提高果实品质的策略。选定的田地代表了一系列的土壤类型（从粘土到粉质粘土壤土），灌溉系统（滴灌，犁沟和喷头）和地下水位深度（土壤表面以下60至> 150 cm）。所有试验均包括常规（收获前3至5周）和早期终止治疗（常规治疗前1至2周）。使用中子探针在每个样地中监测土壤湿度至110厘米深度。从人工收获和机械收获的地块评估水果的产量和质量。提前切断或灌溉会显着增加白利糖度，改善果实色泽，并减小果实大小。灌溉截止值每增加0.1度白利糖度，平均产量也降低3.1毫克/公顷。灌溉处理之间的白利糖度产量没有显着差异。各试验地点的水果质量和单产也有很大差异。在没有浅层地下水位的粘土壤土上测得的最高白利糖度，而在整个季节持续存在浅层地下水的粘土上测得的最低白利糖度。镰刀菌枯萎的部位[Fsarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici]降低了水果产量并提高了糖度。果实成熟至收获期间，灌溉处理之间和地点之间的糖度水平差异与15至75厘米土壤层的土壤水分张力相关。

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