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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Comparison of effects between foliar and soil N applications on soil N and growth of young Gala/M9 apple trees.
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Comparison of effects between foliar and soil N applications on soil N and growth of young Gala/M9 apple trees.

机译：比较叶面施氮和土壤施氮对Gala / M9苹果幼树土壤氮和生长的影响。

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The increasing concern about environmental contamination by nitrate leaching from agricultural land has stimulated a search for more efficient ways to apply N fertilizers. An experiment was carried out to compare the effectiveness of foliar and soil N applications on apple tree growth and soil nitrogen status to evaluate N use efficiency. One-year-old, uniform Gala/M9 apple trees were selected and transplanted into 4-litre pots with a typical loamy sand soil. The plants grew in the greenhouse and were randomly divided into five groups of 17 trees. The experiment included a control (no N) and 4 N treatments where the same amount of N as urea was applied once every two weeks started when shoot growth exceeded 5 cm. N was applied by (1) foliar only, (2) soil only, (3) soil early and late, foliar midsummer (combination I), or (4) foliar early and late, soil midsummer (combination II). New shoot number was recorded, and shoot length, plant and soil N nutrients were measured throughout the growing season. Plants were moved from the greenhouse in late October to overwinter outside. Five trees were sampled for total N analysis at the dormant stage. The remainder was put in the screen house for regrowth evaluation in the following season. Shoot number was unaffected by treatments in the first season, but soil N application alone and combination I significantly increased shoot length. All N treatments significantly increased leaf N status and leaf colour (as indicated by SPAD-chlorophyll readings) compared to the unfertilized control, but there were no significant differences among different N treatments. Foliar application increased reserve N content at the dormant stage and promoted regrowth, but all N treatments resulted in similar root/shoot ratios, which were lower than that of the control treatment. Both soil NO3- and NH4+ were significantly increased by soil N application compared with either control or foliar application, an indication that soil N application created a higher potential for leaching loss.
机译：人们越来越关注农业土地上的硝酸盐浸出对环境的污染，这促使人们寻求更有效的施用氮肥的方法。进行了一项实验，比较了叶面施肥和土壤施氮对苹果树生长和土壤氮素状况的有效性，以评估氮的利用效率。选择一岁的统一Gala / M9苹果树，将其移植到带有典型壤土的4升花盆中。这些植物生长在温室中，并随机分为5组，每组17棵树。实验包括对照（无氮）和4 N处理，当枝条生长超过5 cm时，每两周开始施用与尿素相同量的N。 N仅通过以下方式施用：（1）仅叶面，（2）仅土壤，（3）早期和晚期土壤，盛夏的叶片（组合I）或（4）早期和晚期叶片，土壤盛夏的土壤（组合II）。记录新的芽数，并在整个生长季节测量芽长，植物和土壤氮素。植物于10月下旬从温室转移到室外越冬。在休眠阶段对五棵树进行了总氮分析。其余的放到筛选室中，以在下个季节进行生长评估。在第一个季节中，枝条数不受处理的影响，但是单独施用土壤N和组合I会显着增加枝条长度。与未施肥的对照相比，所有氮肥处理均显着提高了叶片氮素状态和叶片颜色（如SPAD叶绿素读数所示），但不同氮素处理之间无显着差异。叶面施用增加了休眠期的储备氮含量，并促进了再生长，但所有氮素处理均导致相似的根/茎比，低于对照。与对照或叶面施肥相比，施氮均显着增加了土壤NO3-和NH4 +含量，这表明施氮对土壤淋溶损失具有更高的潜力。

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