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首页> 外文期刊>Cognition: International Journal of Cognitive Psychology >The contribution of visual attention and declining verbal memory abilities to age-related route learning deficits
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The contribution of visual attention and declining verbal memory abilities to age-related route learning deficits

机译：视觉关注和言语记忆能力下降与年龄相关路线学习赤字的贡献

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摘要

Our ability to learn unfamiliar routes declines in typical and atypical ageing. The reasons for this decline, however, are not well understood. Here we used eye-tracking to investigate how ageing affects people's ability to attend to navigationally relevant information and to select unique objects as landmarks. We created short routes through a virtual environment, each comprised of four intersections with two objects each, and we systematically manipulated the saliency and uniqueness of these objects. While salient objects might be easier to memorise than non-salient objects, they cannot be used as reliable landmarks if they appear more than once along the route. As cognitive ageing affects executive functions and control of attention, we hypothesised that the process of selecting navigationally relevant objects as landmarks might be affected as well. The behavioural data showed that younger participants outperformed the older participants and the eye-movement data revealed some systematic differences between age groups. Specifically, older adults spent less time looking at the unique, and therefore navigationally relevant, landmark objects. Both young and older participants, however, effectively directed gaze towards the unique and away from the non-unique objects, even if these were more salient. These findings highlight specific age-related differences in the control of attention that could contribute to declining route learning abilities in older age. Interestingly, route-learning performance in the older age group was more variable than in the young age group with some older adults showing performance similar to the young group. These individual differences in route learning performance were strongly associated with verbal and episodic memory abilities.
机译：我们学习陌生路线的能力典型和非典型衰老的衰老。然而，这种下降的原因尚不清楚。在这里，我们使用眼跟踪来调查老化如何影响人们参加导航相关信息的能力，并选择独特的物体作为地标。我们通过虚拟环境创建了短路路由，每个都包含四个与两个对象的十字路口，并且我们系统地操纵这些对象的显着性和唯一性。虽然突出对象可能比非突出对象更容易记忆，但如果它们沿着路线多次出现，它们不能用作可靠的地标。由于认知老龄化影响了执行功能和对关注的控制，我们假设选择导航相关对象作为地标的过程可能受到影响。行为数据显示，年轻的参与者优于较旧的参与者，眼球运动数据揭示了年龄组之间的一些系统差异。具体而言，老年人花费较少的时间看着独特的，因此导航相关的地标物对象。然而，年轻人和较老的参与者都有效地指导了凝视着凝视，即使这些更加突出，也可以从非独特的物体上瞄准凝视。这些发现突出了对人们对较老年人拒绝的关注有助于减少的关注的特定年龄相关的差异。有趣的是，旧年龄组的路线学习表现比年轻人与一些年龄较大的成年人的年龄组更具变量，表现出类似于年轻群体的表现。路线学习性能的这些个体差异与口头和显微内存能力密切相关。

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