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首页> 外文期刊>Cognition: International Journal of Cognitive Psychology >Is it time? Episodic imagining and the discounting of delayed and probabilistic rewards in young and older adults
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Is it time? Episodic imagining and the discounting of delayed and probabilistic rewards in young and older adults

机译：是时候了吗？ episodic想象和年轻人和老年人延迟和概率奖励的折扣

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摘要

Remembering and imagining specific, personal experiences can help shape our decisions. For example, cues to imagine future events can reduce delay discounting (i.e., increase the subjective value of future rewards). It is not known, however, whether such cues can also modulate other forms of reward discounting, such as probability discounting (i.e., the decrease in the subjective value of a possible reward as the odds against its occurrence increase). In addition, it is unclear whether there are age-related differences in the effects of cueing on either delay or probability discounting. Accordingly, young and older adult participants were administered delay and probability discounting tasks both with and without cues to imagine specific, personally meaningful events. As expected, cued episodic imagining decreased the discounting of delayed rewards. Notably, however, this effect was significantly less pronounced in older adults. In contrast to the effects of cueing on delay discounting, personally relevant event cues had little or no effect on the discounting of probabilistic rewards in either young or older adults; Bayesian analysis revealed compelling support for the null hypothesis that event cues do not modulate the subjective value of probabilistic rewards. In sum, imagining future events appears only to affect decisions involving delayed rewards. Although the cueing effect is smaller in older adults, nevertheless, it likely contributes to how adults of all ages evaluate delayed rewards and thus, it is, in fact, about time.
机译：记住和想象具体，个人经历可以帮助塑造我们的决定。例如，想象未来事件的提示可以减少延迟折扣（即，增加未来奖励的主观价值）。然而，尚不清楚这些提示还可以调节其他形式的奖励折扣，例如概率折扣（即可能奖励的主观价值的减少，因为可能会增加赔率增加）。此外，目前尚不清楚语气对延迟或概率折扣的影响是否存在年龄相关的差异。因此，年轻人和较老的成年人参与者被拖延和概率折扣任务，无论是如何想象具体，个人有意义的事件。正如预期的那样，被提出的耻辱想象减少了延迟奖励的折扣。然而，特别是，老年人的这种效果显着较为不明显。与提示对延迟贴现的影响相反，亲自相关的事件提示对年轻人或老年人的概率奖励折扣几乎没有或没有影响;贝叶斯分析揭示了对NULL假设的令人信服的支持，即事件提示不会调制概率奖励的主观值。总之，想象未来的事件仅似乎影响涉及延迟奖励的决策。虽然老年人的提示效果较小，但是，它可能有助于所有年龄的成年人如何评估延迟奖励，因此，事实上，它是关于时间。

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