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首页> 外文期刊>Cognition: International Journal of Cognitive Psychology >Inferring causes during speech perception
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Inferring causes during speech perception

机译：在语音感知期间推断出原因

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摘要

One of the central challenges in speech perception is the lack of invariance: talkers differ in how they map words onto the speech signal. Previous work has shown that one mechanism by which listeners overcome this variability is adaptation. However, talkers differ in how they pronounce words for a number of reasons, ranging from more permanent, characteristic factors such as having a foreign accent, to more temporary, incidental factors, such as speaking with a pen in the mouth. One challenge for listeners is that the true cause underlying atypical pronunciations is never directly known, and instead must be inferred from (often causally ambiguous) evidence. In three experiments, we investigate whether these inferences underlie speech perception, and how the speech perception system deals with uncertainty about competing causes for atypical pronunciations. We find that adaptation to atypical pronunciations is affected by whether the atypical pronunciations are seen as characteristic or incidental. Furthermore, we find that listeners are able to maintain information about previous causally ambiguous pronunciations that they experience, and use this previously experienced evidence to drive their adaptation after additional evidence has disambiguated the cause. Our findings revise previous proposals that causally ambiguous evidence is ignored during speech adaptation.
机译：语音感知中的中央挑战之一是缺乏不变性：谈话者在它们如何将单词映射到语音信号中的不同之处。以前的工作表明，听众克服这种可变性的一种机制是适应性。然而，谈话者在他们发出多种原因的语言中的发音方式有所不同，从更加永久的特征因素，例如拥有外国口音，更为临时，偶然的因素，例如用嘴里的笔说话。听众的一个挑战是，真正的原因是底层的非典型发音永远不会被直接知道，而是必须从（通常是因果暧昧）的证据中推断出来。在三个实验中，我们调查这些推论是否介绍了语音看法，以及语音感知系统如何对非典型发音竞争原因的不确定性。我们发现，对非典型发音的适应受到非典型发音被视为特征或偶然的影响。此外，我们发现听众能够维护他们经历的前几个因果暧昧发音的信息，并在额外证据消除事业后使用这一先前经验的证据来推动他们的适应。我们的调查结果修改了以前的建议，即在讲话适应期间忽略了因果暧昧证据。

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