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首页> 外文期刊>Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis >Optimizing the Nitrogen Management Strategy for Winter Wheat in the North China Plain Using Rapid Soil and Plant Nitrogen Measurements
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Optimizing the Nitrogen Management Strategy for Winter Wheat in the North China Plain Using Rapid Soil and Plant Nitrogen Measurements

机译：利用快速土壤和植物氮素测量优化北方冬小麦冬小麦氮管理策略

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Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer with improper split-application in small-scale farming is widespread for reducing N use efficiency and polluting the environment. The objective of this study was to develop a strategy for providing winter wheat with twice-topdressing N by quickly measuring the soil and plant N status. During the period 2009-2011, a field experiment was conducted for winter wheat cultivar Zhongmai-175 in the North China Plain. The mineral N (Nmin) pool at a soil depth of 0-90 cm and topdressing N twice, as total N supply, was gradually increased from 0 to 420 kg N ha(-1) to mimic the farmers ' practices. Measurements with the Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) meter were taken on the uppermost fully expanded leaf, and the SPAD index was expressed relative to SPAD readings of sufficiently fertilized plants. Grain yield exhibited linear-plus-plateau responses to total N supply with a significant difference between years, the r(2) ranged from 0.73 to 0.94. With a basal N application of 30 kg ha(-1), the soil Nmin at 0-90 cm supplemented by twice-topdressing N (1:1 ratio) at Zadoks growth stage (ZGS) 22-23 in early spring and ZGS 47-52 was required at 150-165 kg N ha(-1) to achieve a maximum grain yield of 3.9-5.3 t ha(-1). The SPAD index exhibited a strong exponential response to N supply irrespective of plant growth stage and year (r(2)=0.95-0.97); the value of 0.94 was critical in denoting N deficiency from sufficiency status. The N topdressing at ZGS 47-52 could be precisely modified/estimated by the equation y =161.7-218x(5.16), where x is the SPAD index. Since SPAD readings varied significantly from year to year, our study suggests that it might be difficult to precisely manage field N for winter wheat.
机译：小规模耕作中具有不当分裂应用的过量氮（N）肥料是降低N使用效率并污染环境的普遍存在。本研究的目的是通过快速测量土壤和植物N地位，制定一种提供冬小麦与两次追逐的策略。在2009 - 2011年期间，在华北平原中冬小麦品种中麦品种南部小麦品种进行了一个田间实验。土壤深度为0-90厘米的矿物N（nmin）池两次，作为总N供应量，从0到420kg n（-1）逐渐增加，以模仿农民的实践。用土厂分析开发（Spad）仪表在最上层膨胀的叶片上进行测量，并且表达了相对于足够受精植物的读数表达了Spad指数。谷物产量表现出线性加压性对总N供应的反应，几年之间具有显着差异，R（2）范围为0.73至0.94。对于30kg ha（-1）的基础n施用，在早春和Zgs 47的Zadoks生长阶段（Zgs）22-23时，在0-90cm下，在0-90厘米处的土壤Nmin补充了两次（1：1）22-23 -52是在150-165 kg n（-1）下需要的，以达到3.9-5.3 t ha（-1）的最大籽粒产率。当植物生长阶段和年份（r（2）= 0.95-0.97），SPAD指数表现出对N供应的强烈指数响应;值为0.94对于表示来自充足状态的缺乏症是至关重要的。 ZGS 47-52处的N个顶部可以通过等式Y = 161.7-218x（5.16）精确修改/估计，其中x是SPAD索引。由于Spad读数从一年到年份变化，因此我们的研究表明，对于冬小麦来说，可能难以准确地管理现场N.

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