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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >The Vertical Axis system in North America.
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The Vertical Axis system in North America.

机译：北美的垂直轴系统。

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The trend in today's apple orchards in North America is towards higher tree densities grown on dwarfing rootstocks. The combination of higher density and greater yields in the formative years gives growers greater returns earlier in the life of an orchard. Growers in North America struggle with the dilemma of converting their operation from low to high density because they must assume increased financial risk with greater initial investment in labour and materials. The widely-varying soil and climatic conditions of the fruit growing areas in the United States and Canada have resulted in serious problems with the adaptability of the rootstocks currently available to the fruit industry. A management system, rootstock and scion cultivar trial was established in 1990 at 11 sites in North America for the purpose of studying the interactions between these factors. One site, established in Michigan, has demonstrated that the Vertical Axis system was extremely efficient in production and in economic productivity in comparison to the Slender Spindle and the conventional Central Leader system. In this trial, data has been collected on such biological parameters as yield, cropping efficiency and vigour. Additionally, the time to conduct various managementpractices such as pruning, training, thinning (hand) and harvest, has demonstrated that trees in the Vertical Axis system on M.9 EMLA rootstock were extremely productive and labour saving. Commercial fruit growers in North America have reviewed this dataand production data from other trials and determined that the Vertical Axis was one of the best systems to adopt in orchards. Previous research has indicated that productivity was directly related to plant density. However, in the Michigan planting, thetaller Vertical Axis system compensated for a lack of plant density, in comparison to Slender Spindle and demonstrated its superior canopy volume and productivity. Commercial growers are largely adapting many of the protocols of this system for their orchards.
机译：今天，北美苹果园的趋势是使矮化的砧木生长出更高的树木密度。在成长期中，较高的密度和较高的产量相结合，可在果园寿命的早期为种植者带来更大的回报。北美的种植者正面临着将经营从低密度转变为高密度的困境，因为他们必须承担更多的财务风险，同时还要增加对劳动力和材料的初始投资。美国和加拿大水果种植区的土壤和气候条件千差万别，导致目前水果行业可利用的砧木的适应性出现严重问题。为了研究这些因素之间的相互作用，1990年在北美的11个地点建立了管理系统，砧木和接穗子品种试验。在密歇根州建立的一个工厂已经证明，与细长主轴和传统的中央导向系统相比，垂直轴系统在生产和经济生产率方面都极为有效。在该试验中，已收集了有关生物学参数的数据，如产量，耕作效率和活力。此外，进行诸如修剪，培训，间伐（手工）和收获之类的各种管理实践的时间表明，在M.9 EMLA砧木上的“垂直轴”系统中的树木非常有生产力，而且省力。北美的商业水果种植者已经审查了该数据和其他试验的生产数据，并确定垂直轴是果园中采用的最佳系统之一。先前的研究表明，生产力与植物密度直接相关。但是，在密歇根州的种植中，与细长主轴相比，taltal垂直轴系统弥补了植物密度不足的不足，并证明了其优越的冠层体积和生产力。商业种植者在很大程度上为其果园改编了该系统的许多协议。

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