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Importance of the intestinal microbiota in ocular inflammatory diseases: A review

机译：肠道微生物群在眼睑炎症疾病中的重要性：综述

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The purpose of this article is to review the literature on relationships between the intestinal microbiota and ocular inflammatory disease, specifically non‐infectious uveitis and age‐related macular degeneration. The importance of the intestinal microbiota in uveitis pathogenesis has been shown by multiple groups demonstrating that alterations in the microbiota induced by certain oral antibiotics results in reduced uveitis severity, and another group demonstrating that a commensal intestinal bacterial antigen activates retina‐specific autoreactive T cells, potentially indicating a commensal trigger for uveitis. Additionally, commensal intestinal bacterial metabolite short chain fatty acids can be utilized to suppress autoimmune uveitis. Age‐related macular degeneration is associated with intestinal dysbiosis, which is partially influenced by genetic risk alleles and AREDS supplementation. Strategies for therapeutically targeting the intestinal microbiota might involve several approaches, including the use of antibiotics, dietary changes, drugs that supplement beneficial bacterial metabolites or target causative bacterial strains, dietary strategies or faecal microbial transplantation. In summary, the intestinal microbiota are at the cross‐roads of genetic and environmental factors that can promote ocular conditions such as non‐infectious uveitis and age‐related macular degeneration, partially via its dynamic influence on mucosal and systemic immunity. The intestinal microbiome thus represents a salient potential target for therapeutic modulation to treat these potentially blinding conditions.
机译：本文的目的是审查肠道微生物群和眼部炎症疾病之间的关系的文献，特别是非传染性葡萄炎和年龄相关的黄斑变性。肠道微生物在葡萄膜炎发病机制的重要性已经通过展示由某些口服抗生素诱导的微生物生物的改变导致葡萄膜炎严重程度降低，并且另一组证明共生肠道细菌抗原激活视网膜特异性自身反应性T细胞，可能表明葡萄膜炎的共生触发。此外，共计肠细菌代谢物短链脂肪酸可用于抑制自身免疫葡萄膜炎。年龄相关的黄斑变性与肠道消化不良有关，其部分受到遗传风险等位基因的影响，并引用补充。治疗靶向肠道微生物群的策略可能涉及几种方法，包括使用抗生素，饮食变化，补充有益细菌代谢物或目标致病细菌菌株，饮食策略或粪便微生物移植的药物。总之，肠道微生物群是遗传和环境因素的十字路口，可以通过其动力对粘膜和全身免疫力的影响，促进诸如非传染性葡萄膜炎和年龄相关的黄斑变性的眼部条件。因此，肠道微生物组是治疗这些潜在致盲条件的治疗调节的突出潜力靶标。

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