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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >The HYTEC (hybrid tree cone) orchard system for apples.
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The HYTEC (hybrid tree cone) orchard system for apples.

机译：苹果的HYTEC（杂种树锥）果园系统。

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The hybrid tree cone (acronym HYTEC) orchard system was developed for the arid apple-producing districts of central Washington, USA. The goals of this training system include high early and sustained yield per hectare, high labour efficiency and high fruit quality, including minimum fruit sunburn. Individual 3-m tall, cone-shaped central leader trees had a basal width of 1.5 to 2.25 m. Tree density in single rows was 1400 to 2300 trees/ha and each tree was supported with a post or a pole and wire support system. Appropriate dwarfing and precocious rootstocks for non-spur cultivars include M.9, B.9, and M.26. Annual pruning or bending of the central leader, a decision based on central leader vigour, encouraged the development of strong lower scaffold branches, stimulates branching, and reduced tree height. The lower tier of horizontal scaffold limbs was permanent. Scaffold branches were shortened to fit within their allotted space by pruning to a weak lateral or spur. Upper limbs were trained horizontally and after bearing fruit were shortened into older wood to retain the tree's cone shape, to stiffen limbs and to stimulate shoot growth which provides transient shade that reduces fruit sunburn. Central leader height was limited to 3 m by pruningolder wood to a weak lateral.
机译：杂种树锥（简称HYTEC）果园系统是为美国华盛顿州中部干旱的苹果产区开发的。该培训系统的目标包括每公顷高的早期和持续产量，高的劳动效率和高质量的水果，包括最小的水果晒伤。单个3 m高，圆锥形的中央前导树的基础宽度为1.5至2.25 m。单行中的树木密度为1400至2300棵树/公顷，每棵树都由柱子或电线杆支撑系统支撑。非杂种适宜的矮化和早熟砧木包括M.9，B.9和M.26。中央领导者的年度修剪或弯曲是基于中央领导者活力的决定，它鼓励发展坚固的下部脚手架分支，刺激分支，并降低树高。水平脚手架肢体的下层是永久性的。通过修剪至较弱的侧向或骨刺，将脚手架的分支缩短至适合其分配的空间。对上肢进行水平训练，在结出果实后将其缩短成较旧的木材，以保持树的圆锥形状，使肢体变硬并刺激枝条生长，从而提供短暂的阴影，从而减少果实晒伤。通过将较旧的木头修剪成较弱的侧面，可将中央引导器的高度限制为3 m。

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