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Observing and Simulating Wind-Turbine Wakes During the Evening Transition

机译：晚间过渡期间观察和模拟风力涡轮机醒来

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Wind-turbine-wake evolution during the evening transition introduces variability to wind-farm power production at a time of day typically characterized by high electricity demand. During the evening transition, the atmosphere evolves from an unstable to a stable regime, and vertical stratification of the wind profile develops as the residual planetary boundary layer decouples from the surface layer. The evolution of wind-turbine wakes during the evening transition is examined from two perspectives: wake observations from single turbines, and simulations of multiple turbine wakes using the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Throughout the evening transition, the wake's wind-speed deficit and turbulence enhancement are confined within the rotor layer when the atmospheric stability changes from unstable to stable. The height variations of maximum upwind-downwind differences of wind speed and turbulence intensity gradually decrease during the evening transition. After verifying the WRF-model-simulated upwind wind speed, wind direction and turbulent kinetic energy profiles with observations, the wind-farm-scale wake evolution during the evening transition is investigated using the WRF-model wind-farm parametrization scheme. As the evening progresses, due to the presence of the wind farm, the modelled hub-height wind-speed deficit monotonically increases, the relative turbulence enhancement at hub height grows by 50%, and the downwind surface sensible heat flux increases, reducing surface cooling. Overall, the intensifying wakes from upwind turbines respond to the evolving atmospheric boundary layer during the evening transition, and undermine the power production of downwind turbines in the evening.
机译：在晚间过渡期间的风力涡轮唤醒演变引起了风电场电力生产的可变性，通常在一天的时间内为较高的电力需求。在晚间过渡期间，大气从不稳定的状态发展，并且风轮廓的垂直分层随着残余行星边界层从表面层脱离而产生。从两个观点检查了晚间过渡期间风力涡轮机唤醒的演变：使用Mescle天气研究和预测（WRF）模型的单涡轮机的唤醒观察和多个涡轮机唤醒的仿真。在整个晚间过渡，当大气稳定性从不稳定到稳定时，唤醒的风速缺口和湍流增强局限于转子层内。在晚间过渡期间，风速和湍流强度的最大挤压下风差异的高度变化逐渐减少。在验证WRF模型模拟的上风风速，风向和湍流动力学能量谱后，使用WRF模型风电场参数化方案研究了晚间过渡期间的风力 - 农场抑制演变。随着晚上的进展，由于风电场的存在，模型的轮毂高度风速缺陷单调增加，毂高度的相对湍流增强增强50％，下行表面明智的热通量增加，降低表面冷却。总的来说，从荷载涡轮机的强化唤醒在晚间过渡期间响应了演进的大气边界层，并在晚上破坏了下风涡轮机的电力生产。

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