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Author's response to commentary on 'Carbon balance effects of US biofuel production and use'

机译:作者对评论对“美国生物燃料生产和使用的碳平衡影响”的回应

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摘要

The impact of substituting biofuels for fossil fuels on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has been debated for many years. A reason for the lack of resolution is that the method widely used to address the question, lifecycle analysis (LCA), is subjective. Its results irreducibly depend on untestable assumptions, notably those pertaining to system boundaries but also those for representing market effects. The best one can do is empirically constrain estimates of net CO2 impact using data that characterize important aspects of the overall system. Our 2016 paper, "Carbon balance effects of U.S. biofuel production and use," took such an approach, using field data to estimate the direct CO2 exchanges for a circumscribed vehicle-fuel system over the 2005-2013 period of expanding US biofuel use. De Kleine and colleagues criticize our work because it does not follow LCA conventions, arguing in particular for the primacy of the assumption that biofuels are inherently carbon neutral. This response refutes their critique; it reminds readers why the lifecycle paradigm fails for a dynamic system involving the terrestrial carbon cycle, stresses the need to bound an analysis of key carbon exchanges, and explains why the circular logic of LCA can be so beguiling.
机译:多年来争论二氧化碳(二氧化碳)排放对化石燃料的生物燃料取代生物燃料的影响已经涉及多年。缺乏分辨率的原因是,广泛用于解决问题的方法,生命周期分析(LCA)是主观的。它的结果不可挽回地依赖于不可行的假设,特别是那些与系统界限有关的结果,而且是那些代表市场效应的假设。可以做到最好的是使用表征整个系统的重要方面的数据来凭经验限制净二氧化碳影响的估计。我们的2016年论文“美国生物燃料生产和使用的碳平衡效应”采取了这样一种方法,使用现场数据来估算2005 - 2013年扩大美国生物燃料使用期内的外接车辆燃料系统的直接二氧化碳交易。 De Kleine和同事批评我们的工作,因为它不遵守LCA惯例,特别是对生物燃料本身碳中性的假设的主流来争论。这种反应驳斥了他们的批评;它提醒读者为什么生命周期范例因涉及陆地碳循环的动态系统而失败,强调需要对关键碳交换进行分析,并解释为什么LCA的圆形逻辑可以如此乞讨。

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