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首页> 外文期刊>Climatic Change >Coal taxes as supply-side climate policy: a rationale for major exporters?
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Coal taxes as supply-side climate policy: a rationale for major exporters?

机译：煤炭税作为供应方气候政策：主要出口国的理由吗？

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摘要

The shift away from coal is at the heart of the global low-carbon transition. Can governments of coal-producing countries help facilitate this transition and benefit from it? This paper analyses the case for coal taxes as supply-side climate policy implemented by large coal exporting countries. Coal taxes can reduce global carbon dioxide emissions and benefit coal-rich countries through improved terms-of-trade and tax revenue. We employ a multi-period equilibrium model of the international steam coal market to study a tax on steam coal levied by Australia alone, by a coalition of major exporting countries, by all exporters, and by all producers. A unilateral export tax has little impact on global emissions and global coal prices as other countries compensate for reduced export volumes from the taxing country. By contrast, a tax jointly levied by a coalition of major coal exporters would significantly reduce global emissions from steam coal and leave them with a net sector level welfare gain, approximated by the sum of producer surplus, consumer surplus, and tax revenue. Production taxes consistently yield higher tax revenues and have greater effects on global coal consumption with smaller rates of carbon leakages. Questions remain whether coal taxes by major suppliers would be politically feasible, even if they could yield economic benefits.
机译：远离煤的转变是全球低碳转型的核心。煤炭生产国的政府可以帮助促进这种过渡并受益吗？本文分析了大型煤炭出口国实施的供应侧气候政策的煤炭税案件。煤炭税可以通过改进的贸易和税收收入来减少全球二氧化碳排放和福利富裕国家。我们采用国际蒸汽煤炭市场的多时期均衡模型，以澳大利亚独自征收蒸汽煤的税收，由所有出口国的主要出口国联盟，以及所有的生产商。随着其他国家的税收来自税收国家的出口量降低，单方面出口税对全球排放和全球煤炭价格没有影响。相比之下，主要煤炭出口商联盟共同征收的税收将大大减少蒸汽煤的全球排放，并将其留下净行业水平福利收益，以生产者盈余，消费盈余和税收总额近似。生产税一致地产生更高的税收收入，对全球煤炭消费产生更大的碳泄漏率。问题仍然是主要供应商的煤炭税将是政治上可行的，即使它们可以产生经济利益。

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