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The water impacts of climate change mitigation measures

机译：气候变化缓解措施的水击

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A variety of proposed activities to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions will impact on scarce water resources, which are coming under increasing pressure in many countries due to population growth and shifting weather patterns. However, the integrated analysis of water and carbon impacts has been given limited attention in greenhouse mitigation planning. In this Australian case study, we analyse a suite of 74 mitigation measures ranked as highest priority by one influential analysis, and we find that they have highly variable consequences for water quantity. We find: (1) The largest impacts result from land-based sequestration, which has the potential to intercept large quantities of water and reduce catchment yields, estimated to exceed 100 Mm(3)/MtCO(2)-e of carbon mitigated (100,000 l per tonne CO2-e). (2) Moderate impacts result from some renewable power options, including solar thermal power with a water cost estimated at nearly 4 Mm(3)/MtCO(2)-e. However, the water impacts of solar thermal power facilities could be reduced by designing them to use existing power-related water supplies or to use air or salt-water cooling. (3) Wind power, biogas, solar photovoltaics, energy efficiency and operational improvements to existing power sources can reduce water demand through offsetting the water used to cool thermal power generation, with minor savings estimated at 2 Mm(3)/MtCO(2)-e and amounting to nearly 100 Mm(3) of water saved in Australia per annum in 2020. This integrated analysis significantly changes the attractiveness of some mitigation options, compared to the case where water impacts are not considered
机译：各种拟议的减轻温室气体排放的活动将影响稀缺的水资源，由于人口增长和变化天气模式，许多国家的压力越来越大。然而，在温室缓解计划中，对水和碳的综合分析受到限制。在这项澳大利亚案例研究中，我们通过一个影响分析分析了一套74个缓解措施，该措施被一个有影响力分析排名最高，我们发现它们对水量具有高度可变的后果。我们发现：（1）陆基封存产生的最大影响，这具有截取大量水的潜力，降低集水产量，估计超过100毫米（3）/ mtCO（2）-e的碳减压（每吨100,000吨CO 2-e）。 （2）采用一些可再生电源选项产生适中的影响，包括太阳能热功率，水成本估计在近4毫米（3）/ mTCO（2）-e。然而，通过设计它们使用现有的电力相关的水供应或使用空气或盐水冷却，可以减少太阳能热电厂设施的水击。 （3）风电，沼气，太阳能光伏，能源效率和对现有电源的运营改进可以通过抵消用于冷却热发电的水来降低水需求，估计在2 mm（3）/ mtco（2）时估计的较小储蓄-E和达到近100毫米（3）份在2020年澳大利亚省份的近100毫米

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