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首页> 外文期刊>Computers in Biology and Medicine >Multiscale smeared finite element model for mass transport in biological tissue: From blood vessels to cells and cellular organelles
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Multiscale smeared finite element model for mass transport in biological tissue: From blood vessels to cells and cellular organelles

机译：Multiscale生物组织中大规模运输的涂抹有限元模型：从血管到细胞和细胞细胞细胞

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摘要

One of the basic and vital processes in living organisms is mass exchange, which occurs on several levels: it goes from blood vessels to cells and organelles within cells. On that path, molecules, as oxygen, metabolic products, drugs, etc. Traverse different macro and micro environments – blood, extracellular/intracellular space, and interior of organelles; and also biological barriers such as walls of blood vessels and membranes of cells and organelles. Many aspects of this mass transport remain unknown, particularly the biophysical mechanisms governing drug delivery. The main research approach relies on laboratory and clinical investigations. In parallel, considerable efforts have been directed to develop computational tools for additional insight into the intricate process of mass exchange and transport. Along these lines, we have recently formulated a composite smeared finite element (CSFE) which is composed of the smeared continuum pressure and concentration fields of the capillary and lymphatic system, and of these fields within tissue. The element offers an elegant and simple procedure which opens up new lines of inquiry and can be applied to large systems such as organs and tumors models. Here, we extend this concept to a multiscale scheme which concurrently couples domains that span from large blood vessels, capillaries and lymph, to cell cytosol and further to organelles of nanometer size. These spatial physical domains are coupled by the appropriate connectivity elements representing biological barriers. The composite finite element has “degrees of freedom” which include pressures and concentrations of all compartments of the vessels-tissue assemblage. The overall model uses the standard, measurable material properties of the continuum biological environments and biological barriers. It can be considered as a framework into which we can incorporate various additional effects (such as electrical or biochemical) for transport through membranes or within cells. This concept and the developed FE software within our package PAK offers a computational tool that can be applied to whole-organ systems, while also including specific domains such as tumors. The solved examples demonstrate the accuracy of this model and its applicability to large biological systems.
机译：生物体中的基本和重要过程之一是大规模交换，其发生在几个层面上：它从血管到细胞内细胞和细胞器。在该路径，分子，作为氧气，代谢产物，药物等遍历不同的宏观和微环境 - 血液，细胞外/细胞内空间和细胞器内部;还是生物屏障，如血管壁和细胞和细胞器的膜。这种大规模运输的许多方面仍然是未知的，特别是治疗药物递送的生物物理机制。主要的研究方法依赖于实验室和临床调查。并行地，已致力于开发计算工具，以便越来越深入了解配额交换和运输的复杂过程。沿着这些线，我们最近制定了一种复合涂片有限元（CSFE），其由毛细管和淋巴系统的涂片连续体压和浓度场和组织内的这些田地组成。该元素提供了优雅简单的程序，开辟了新的查询线，可以应用于机器人和肿瘤等大型系统。在这里，我们将该概念扩展到多尺度方案，该概念同时将跨越大型血管，毛细血管和淋巴，细胞胞嘧啶的域的域，进一步向纳米尺寸的细胞器。这些空间物理域通过代表生物屏障的适当连接元件耦合。复合有限元具有“自由度”，其包括血管组合组件的所有隔室的压力和浓度。整体模型采用连续体生物环境和生物屏障的标准，可测量的材料特性。它可以被认为是我们可以将各种额外的效果（例如电气或生物化学）包含通过膜或细胞内的各种额外效应（例如电气或生物化学）。我们包装中的这个概念和开发的FE软件提供了一种可以应用于全器系统的计算工具，同时还包括肿瘤等特定结构域。解决的例子证明了该模型的准确性及其对大型生物系统的适用性。

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