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The challenge of assessing food allergy and its prevalence

机译：评估食物过敏及普遍存在的挑战

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摘要

In recent decades the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema has increased in many countries worldwide, particularly in children [1]. Whether this is also the case for allergic reactions to food is unclear. A rising prevalence of self-reported allergy and allergic sensitization to peanuts in children has been reported [2, 3], however, we are lacking studies examining time trends of the occurrence of food allergies. Indeed, even the point prevalence of these chronic and potentially life-threatening conditions remains uncertain at present. Many population-based studies have tried to assess the prevalence of allergies to food, most commonly to cow's milk, hen's egg, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, wheat, and soy. However, these studies have rarely based their estimates on food provocation tests, which are the diagnostic 'gold standard', ideally performed as a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge test. A recent comprehensive systematic review of prevalence studies showed that the vast majority of authors determined food allergies based on self-or parent-reported symptoms, sensitization to food allergens using specific serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) or skin prick tests (SPT), or any combination of these methods.
机译：近几十年来，哮喘，过敏性鼻炎和湿疹的患病率在全世界的许多国家都有增加，特别是在儿童[1]。无论是对食品的过敏反应也不清楚。报告了对儿童的儿童花生和对儿童花生过敏致敏的普遍存在[2,3]，但是，我们缺乏研究粮食过敏的发生时间趋势。实际上，即使是这些慢性和潜在的生命危及危及生命条件的点普及仍然不确定。许多基于人口的研究都试图评估对食物过敏的患病率，最常见于牛奶，鸡蛋，花生，树螺母，鱼类，贝类，小麦和大豆。然而，这些研究很少基于它们对食品挑衅试验的估计，这是诊断“金标准”，理想情况下作为双盲安慰剂对照食品挑战测试进行。最近对患病率研究的综合系统审查表明，绝大多数作者基于自我或亲本报告的症状确定了食物过敏，使用特异性血清免疫球蛋白E（IgE）或皮肤刺鼠（SPT）对食品过敏原的敏感性，或任何这些方法的组合。

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