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Political terrorism and affective polarization in 'black' and 'red' terrorists in Italy during the years 1968-1988

机译：1968 - 1988年意大利“黑色”和“红色”恐怖分子中的政治恐怖主义和情感极化

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Psychiatric evaluations of violent political crime were mostly performed on a case-by-case basis in a forensic environment, which made them unduly dependent on categories of presumed dangerousness and legal responsibility, rather than on a clinical definition of their mental status. In referring to such "clinical" definitions, the disorder we have in mind is not limited to the major, agitated psychotic manias or mixed states. The presence of a dominant temperament, or protracted hypomania, is enough by itself to explain an individual's engagement in a wide range of activities, not necessarily sociopathic or violent. We put forward the hypothesis that formal and transpolitical radical choices, either in favor of an illegal lifestyle or of activities involving a high level of risk, may be linked with certain mental states, especially when considering small clandestine groups showing a high level of internal ideological consensus, and a no-return attitude toward a commitment to radical choices. Available data about the psycho(patho)logical profile of terrorists are still hard to come by. The only available studies are those on identified living terrorists (judging by the trials of those who personally admitted to having been terrorists), and statistical data imply a number of documented cases belonging to the same terrorist organization. In Italy, the period often called the "years of lead [bullets]" displays an interesting viewpoint for the study of terrorist psychology, for two main reasons: first of all, it is a historically defined period (1968-1988), and second, the number of ascertained participants in terrorist activities was quite large.
机译：暴力政治犯罪的精神病评估主要是在法医环境中的案例基础上进行，这使得它们过度依赖于推定的危险性和法律责任的类别，而不是对其精神状态的临床定义。在提及这种“临床”定义中，我们记忆的疾病不仅限于主要，激动的精神病阵列或混合状态。占主导地位的气质或长期的丑陋，本身就足够了，以解释个人在广泛的活动方面的参与，不一定是社会疗法或暴力的。我们提出了正式和跨国政治激进选择的假设，无论是有利于非法的生活方式还是涉及高风险的活动，可能与某些精神状态相关联，特别是在考虑小秘密团体显示高水平的内部思想时共识，以及对激进选择承诺的无回报态度。关于精神病学（Patho）恐怖分子逻辑概况的可用数据仍然很难通过。唯一可用的研究是那些确定的生活恐怖分子（通过个人承认恐怖分子的人的审判评审），统计数据意味着许多文件属于同一恐怖组织的文件。在意大利，通常称为“铅[子弹的多年”的时期显示了对恐怖主义心理学的研究的有趣观点，有两个主要原因：首先，它是一个历史上定义的时期（1968-1988）和第二个，恐怖活动中确定的参与者的数量相当大。

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