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Targeted gene flow and rapid adaptation in an endangered marsupial

机译：针对基因流动和濒临灭绝的MARSUPIAL的快速适应

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Targeted gene flow is an emerging conservation strategy. It involves translocating individuals with favorable genes to areas where they will have a conservation benefit. The applications for targeted gene flow are wide-ranging but include preadapting native species to the arrival of invasive species. The endangered carnivorous marsupial, the northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus), has declined rapidly since the introduction of the cane toad (Rhinella marina), which fatally poisons quolls that attack them. There are, however, a few remaining toad-invaded quoll populations in which the quolls survive because they know not to eat cane toads. It is this toad-smart behavior we hope to promote through targeted gene flow. For targeted gene flow to be feasible, however, toad-smart behavior must have a genetic basis. To assess this, we used a common garden experiment, comparing offspring from toad-exposed and toad-naive parents raised in identical environments, to determine whether toad-smart behavior is heritable. Offspring from toad-exposed populations were substantially less likely to eat toads than those with toad-naive parents. Hybrid offspring showed similar responses to quolls with 2 toad-exposed parents, indicating the trait may be dominant. Together, these results suggest a heritable trait and rapid adaptive response in a small number of toad-exposed populations. Although questions remain about outbreeding depression, our results are encouraging for targeted gene flow. It should be possible to introduce toad-smart behavior into soon to be affected quoll populations.
机译：有针对性的基因流是一种新兴的保护策略。它涉及将个体与良好的基因搬出到他们将有保护益处的领域。靶向基因流动的应用是宽的，但包括促进物种到侵入物种的到来。自甘蔗蟾蜍（Rhinella Marina）的引入以来，濒临灭绝的食肉泥浆，北方Quoll（Dasyurus Hallucatus）已经迅速下降，这是致命的毒害攻击它们的疑难。然而，有一些剩余的蟾蜍被侵入的QUOLL群体，其中Quolls生存，因为他们知道不吃甘蔗蟾蜍。这是我们希望通过有针对性的基因流动推广的蟾蜍智能行为。然而，对于可行的基因流动，蟾蜍智能行为必须具有遗传基础。为了评估这一点，我们使用了一个共同的花园实验，比较从相同环境中提出的蟾蜍暴露和蟾蜍父母的后代，以确定蟾蜍智能行为是可遗传的。从蟾蜍暴露的人群中的后代显着不太可能吃蟾蜍而不是蟾蜍天真的父母。混合后代显示出与2个蟾蜍父母的Quolls类似的响应，表明特征可能是显性的。这些结果表明，在少数蟾蜍暴露群体中表达了一种遗传性的特质和快速适应性。虽然问题仍然有关偏离抑郁症，但我们的结果令有针对性的基因流动令人鼓舞。应该可以将蟾蜍智能行为引入影响QUOLL群体。

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