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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Predictors of specialist avifaunal decline in coastal marshes
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Predictors of specialist avifaunal decline in coastal marshes

机译：沿海沼泽专家Avifaunal衰退的预测因素

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Coastal marshes are one of the world's most productive ecosystems. Consequently, they have been heavily used by humans for centuries, resulting in ecosystem loss. Direct human modifications such as road crossings and ditches and climatic stressors such as sea-level rise and extreme storm events have the potential to further degrade the quantity and quality of marsh along coastlines. We used an 18-year marsh-bird database to generate population trends for 5 avian species (Rallus crepitans, Tringa semipalmata semipalmata, Ammodramus nelsonii subvirgatus, Ammodramus caudacutus, and Ammodramus maritimus) that breed almost exclusively in tidal marshes, and are potentially vulnerable to marsh degradation and loss as a result of anthropogenic change. We generated community and species trends across 3 spatial scales and explored possible drivers of the changes we observed, including marsh ditching, tidal restriction through road crossings, local rates of sea-level rise, and potential for extreme flooding events. The specialist community showed negative trends in tidally restricted marshes (-2.4% annually from 1998 to 2012) but was stable in unrestricted marshes across the same period. At the species level, we found negative population trends in 3 of the 5 specialist species, ranging from -4.2% to 9.0% annually. We suggest that tidal restriction may accelerate degradation of tidal marsh resilience to sea-level rise by limiting sediment supply necessary for marsh accretion, resulting in specialist habitat loss in tidally restricted marshes. Based on our findings, we predict a collapse of the global population of Saltmarsh Sparrows (A. caudacutus) within the next 50 years and suggest that immediate conservation action is needed to prevent extinction of this species. We also suggest mitigation actions to restore sediment supply to coastal marshes to help sustain this ecosystem into the future.
机译：沿海沼泽是世界上最富有成效的生态系统之一。因此，人类已经大量使用了几个世纪，导致生态系统丧失。直接人体修改，如道路交叉口和沟渠和气候压力源，如海平面上升和极端风暴事件有可能进一步降低海岸线沼泽的数量和质量。我们使用了一个18年的沼泽鸟数据库，为5禽类（Rallus Crepitans，Tringa Semialmata Semvialmata，Ammodramus Nelsonii Subvirgatus，Ammodramus caudacutus和Ammodramus Maritimus）产生了几乎完全在潮汐沼泽中的人口趋势，并可能易受伤害人为变化导致沼泽降解和损失。我们在3个空间尺度上产生了社区和物种趋势，并探讨了我们所观察到的更改的可能驱动因素，包括沼泽挖掘，通过道路交叉口，当地的海平面上升，当地的海平面升值以及极端洪水事件的潜力。专家社区在整个限制的沼泽中表现出负面趋势（每年从1998年到2012年为-2.4％），但在同一时期的不受限制的沼泽地中稳定。在物种级别，我们发现5种专业物种中有3种的负面群体趋势，每年的3.4.2％至9.0％。我们认为，通过限制沼泽菌的沉积物供应，潮汐限制可能会加速潮汐沼泽恢复能力对海平面上升的影响，导致专业限制沼泽所产生的专业栖息地损失。根据我们的调查结果，我们预测未来50年内全球盐沼麻雀（A.Caudacutus）的全球人口崩溃，并建议需要立即保护行动来防止灭绝本物种。我们还建议缓解行动，以恢复沿海沼泽的沉积物供应，以帮助维持这种生态系统。

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