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Consistency of effects of tropical-forest disturbance on species composition and richness relative to use of indicator taxa

机译：热带森林障碍对物种组成和丰富的效果相对于使用指标分类

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Lawton et al. (1998) found, in a highly cited study, that the species richness of 8 taxa each responds differently to anthropogenic disturbance in Cameroon forests. Recent developments in conservation science suggest that net number of species is an insensitive measure of change and that understanding which species are affected by disturbance is more important. It is also recognized that all disturbance types are not equal in their effect on species and that grouping species according to function rather than taxonomy is more informative of responses of biodiversity to change. In a reanalysis of most of the original Cameroon data set (canopy and ground ants, termites, canopy beetles, nematodes, and butterflies), we focused on changes in species and functional composition rather than richness and used a more inclusive measure of forest disturbance based on 4 component drivers of change: years since disturbance, tree cover, soil compaction, and degree of tree removal. Effects of disturbance on compositional change were largely concordant between taxa. Contrary to Lawton et al.'s findings, species richness for most groups did not decline with disturbance level, providing support for the view that trends in species richness at local scales do not reflect the resilience of ecosystems to disturbance. Disturbance affected species composition more strongly than species richness for butterflies, canopy beetles, and litter ants. For these groups, disturbance caused species replacements rather than just species loss. Only termites showed effects of disturbance on species richness but not composition, indicating species loss without replacement. Although disturbance generally caused changes in composition, the strength of this relationship depended on the disturbance driver. Butterflies, litter ants, and nematodes were correlated with amount of tree cover, canopy beetles were most strongly correlated with time since disturbance, and termites were most strongly correlated with degree of soil disturbance. There were moderately divergent responses to disturbance between functional feeding groups. Disturbance was most strongly correlated with compositional differences of herbivores within beetles and nematodes and humus feeders within termites. Our results suggest that consideration of the impact of different forms of disturbance on species and functional composition, rather than on net numbers of species, is important when assessing the impacts of disturbance on biodiversity.
机译：劳顿等人。 （1998）在一项高度引用的研究中发现，8种株的物种丰富的物种每种含量与喀麦隆森林的人为干扰不同。保护科学的最新发展表明，净物种数量是一种不敏感的变化衡量标准，并且了解哪些物种受到干扰的影响更为重要。还认识到，所有扰动类型在它们对物种的影响下并不相同，并且根据功能而不是分类物种的分组物种更加了解生物多样性对变革的反应。在大多数原始喀麦隆数据集（冠层和地面蚂蚁，白蚁，树冠甲虫，线虫和蝴蝶）中，我们专注于物种和功能组成的变化而不是丰富度，并使用了基于森林障碍的更具包容性衡量标准在4个组分驱动因素的变化：自变量以来的扰动，树木覆盖，土壤压实和树木拆除程度。扰动对成分变化的影响在很大程度上在分类群之间得到了一致性。与Lawton等人相反。的调查结果，大多数群体的物种丰富性并没有衰落，扰乱水平没有下降，为认为，当地鳞片的物种丰富性的趋势不反映生态系统的抗震性。扰动受影响的物种组成比蝴蝶，冠复虫和垃圾蚂蚁的物种丰富性更强烈。对于这些群体，干扰引起物种替代而不是物种损失。只有白蚁对物种丰富性而不是组成的干扰，表明物种损失而不替代。虽然干扰通常导致组成的变化，但这种关系的强度依赖于干扰司机。蝴蝶，垃圾蚂蚁和线虫与树木覆盖量相关，冠长甲虫与自干扰的时间最强烈相关，并且白蚁与土壤紊乱程度最强烈地相关。功能性喂养基团之间的扰动方面具有适度发散的反应。干扰与白蚁和Nemates内的甲虫和线虫和腐殖质饲养者的组成差异最强烈相关。我们的研究结果表明，在评估对生物多样性的影响时，对不同形式的扰动对物种和功能组成的影响，而不是对物种的影响。

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