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An interdisciplinary review of current and future approaches to improving human-predator relations

机译：对改善人类捕食者关系的当前和未来方法的跨学科审查

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摘要

In a world of shrinking habitats and increasing competition for natural resources, potentially dangerous predators bring the challenges of coexisting with wildlife sharply into focus. Through interdisciplinary collaboration among authors trained in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, we reviewed current approaches to mitigating adverse human-predator encounters and devised a vision for future approaches to understanding and mitigating such encounters. Limitations to current approaches to mitigation include too much focus on negative impacts; oversimplified equating of levels of damage with levels of conflict; and unsuccessful technical fixes resulting from failure to engage locals, address hidden costs, or understand cultural (nonscientific) explanations of the causality of attacks. An emerging interdisciplinary literature suggests that to better frame and successfully mitigate negative human-predator relations conservation professionals need to consider dispensing with conflict as the dominant framework for thinking about human-predator encounters; work out what conflicts are really about (they may be human-human conflicts); unravel the historical contexts of particular conflicts; and explore different cultural ways of thinking about animals. The idea of cosmopolitan natures may help conservation professionals think more clearly about human-predator relations in both local and global context. These new perspectives for future research practice include a recommendation for focused interdisciplinary research and the use of new approaches, including human-animal geography, multispecies ethnography, and approaches from the environmental humanities notably environmental history. Managers should think carefully about how they engage with local cultural beliefs about wildlife, work with all parties to agree on what constitutes good evidence, develop processes and methods to mitigate conflicts, and decide how to monitor and evaluate these. Demand for immediate solutions that benefit both conservation and development favors dispute resolution and technical fixes, which obscures important underlying drivers of conflicts. If these drivers are not considered, well-intentioned efforts focused on human-wildlife conflicts will fail.
机译：在栖息地的世界萎缩和增加自然资源的竞争中，潜在的危险掠夺者带来了与野生动物尖锐的挑战。通过跨学科合作在人文学科，社会科学和自然科学中培养的作者中，我们审查了当前对减轻人类不利人类侵害的方法遭遇并设计了对理解和减轻这种遭遇的途径的愿景。对当前减缓方法的限制包括太多关注负面影响;超薄等于冲突水平的损害水平;与未能接触当地人，解决隐藏成本或理解攻击因果关系的文化（无意义）解释，不成功的技术修复。新兴跨学科文献表明，为了更好的框架和成功减轻负面的人类捕食者关系，保护专业人员需要考虑将冲突分配作为思考人类捕食者遭遇的主导框架;弄清楚冲突的真实（他们可能是人类的冲突）;解开特定冲突的历史背景;并探索不同文化思考的思考。国际大都会自然的想法可能有助于保护专业人员更清楚地思考本地和全球范围内的人类捕食者关系。这些未来研究实践的新观点包括针对跨学科研究的建议，并使用新方法，包括人类地理学，多数民族识别和环境人文的方法，尤其是环境历史。管理人员应仔细考虑他们如何与当地文化信仰与野生动物一起互动，与所有各方合作，同意构成好的证据，制定减轻冲突的过程和方法，并决定如何监测和评估这些。立即解决方案的需求，这些解决方案受益于保护和发展争取解决解决问题和技术修复，这掩盖了强烈的潜在司机的冲突。如果没有考虑这些司机，良好的努力专注于人野生动物冲突将失败。

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  • 来源
    《Conservation Biology》 |2017年第3期|共11页
  • 作者

    Pooley S.; Barua M.; Beinart W.; Dickman A.; Holmes G.; Lorimer J.; Loveridge A. J.; Macdonald D. W.; Marvin G.; Redpath S.; Sillero-Zubiri C.; Zimmermann A.; Milner-Gulland E. J.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Oxford Dept Zool Tinbergen Bldg South Parks Rd Oxford OX1 3PS England;

    Univ Oxford Sch Geog &

    Environm South Parks Rd Oxford OX1 3QY England;

    Univ Oxford Sch Interdisciplinary Area Studies African Studies Ctr 13 Bevington Rd Oxford OX2 6LH England;

    Univ Oxford Dept Zool Recanati Kaplan Ctr WildCRU Oxford OX13 5QL England;

    Univ Leeds Sch Earth &

    Environm Crit Environm Social Sci Leeds LS2 9JT W Yorkshire England;

    Univ Oxford Sch Geog &

    Environm South Parks Rd Oxford OX1 3QY England;

    Univ Oxford Sch Interdisciplinary Area Studies African Studies Ctr 13 Bevington Rd Oxford OX2 6LH England;

    Univ Oxford Sch Interdisciplinary Area Studies African Studies Ctr 13 Bevington Rd Oxford OX2 6LH England;

    Univ Roehampton Dept Life Sci Anthropol Erasmus House Roehampton Lane London SW15 5PU England;

    Univ Aberdeen Inst Biol &

    Environm Sci Zoology Bldg Tillydrone Ave Aberdeen AB24 2TZ Scotland;

    Univ Oxford Sch Interdisciplinary Area Studies African Studies Ctr 13 Bevington Rd Oxford OX2 6LH England;

    Univ Oxford Dept Zool Recanati Kaplan Ctr WildCRU Oxford OX13 5QL England;

    Univ Oxford Dept Zool Tinbergen Bldg South Parks Rd Oxford OX1 3PS England;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 环境生物学;
  • 关键词

    conservation management; human-wildlife conflict; interdisciplinary research; predators;

    机译：保护管理;人野生动物冲突;跨学科研究;捕食者;

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