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A multispecies test of source-sink indicators to prioritize habitat for declining populations

机译：用于源区指标的多数测试，以优先占人群境内居住

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For species at risk of decline or extinction in source-sink systems, sources are an obvious target for habitat protection actions. However, the way in which source habitats are identified and prioritized can reduce the effectiveness of conservation actions. Although sources and sinks are conceptually defined using both demographic and movement criteria, simplifications are often required in systems with limited data. To assess the conservation outcomes of alternative source metrics and resulting prioritizations, we simulated population dynamics and extinction risk for 3 endangered species. Using empirically based habitat population models, we linked habitat maps with measured site- or habitat-specific demographic conditions, movement abilities, and behaviors. We calculated source-sink metrics over a range of periods of data collection and prioritized consistently high-output sources for conservation. We then tested whether prioritized patches identified the habitats that most affected persistence by removing them and measuring the population response. Conservation decisions based on different source-sink metrics and durations of data collection affected species persistence. Shorter time series obscured the ability of metrics to identify influential habitats, particularly in temporally variable and slowly declining populations. Data-rich source-sink metrics that included both demography and movement information did not always identify the habitats with the greatest influence on extinction risk. In some declining populations, patch abundance better predicted influential habitats for short-term regional persistence. Because source-sink metrics (i.e., births minus deaths; births and immigrations minus deaths and emigration) describe net population conditions and cancel out gross population counts, they may not adequately identify influential habitats in declining populations. For many nonequilibrium populations, new metrics that maintain the counts of individual births,
机译：对于源水槽系统下降或灭绝的风险的物种，来源是栖息地保护行动的明显目标。然而，识别源栖息地和优先排序的方式可以降低保护行为的有效性。尽管使用人口统计和移动标准概念性地定义了源和汇，但是在具有有限数据的系统中通常需要简化。为了评估替代源指标的保护结果，并产生优先考虑，我们模拟了3种濒危物种的人口动态和灭绝风险。使用凭经质的栖息地人口模型，我们将栖息地地图与衡量的网站或栖息地的人口统计，运动能力和行为联系起来。我们在一系列数据收集期间计算了源区度量，并优先考虑始终如一的高输出源进行保护。然后，我们通过去除它们并测量人口响应来测试优先级修补程序是否确定了最严重的栖息地。基于不同源区度量的保护决策和数据收集持续时间影响物种持久性。较短的时间序列掩盖了指标识别有影响力的栖息地的能力，特别是在时间变量和慢慢下降的人群中。包含人口统计和移动信息的数据丰富的源区度量并不总是识别对灭绝风险影响最大的栖息地。在一些人口下降，补丁丰富更好地预测了短期区域持久性的有影响力的栖息地。因为源区度量（即，出生减去死亡;出生和移民减去死亡和移民）描述了净人口条件并取消了人口总数，但它们可能无法充分确定有影响力的人群中下降的栖息地。对于许多非QuiLibium群体，维护个人诞生数量的新指标，

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