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Time discounting and the decision to protect areas that are near and threatened or remote and cheap to acquire

机译：时间折扣和决定保护附近和威胁或偏远和廉价收购的区域

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Should conservation organizations focus on protecting habitats that are at imminent risk of being converted but are expensive or more remote areas that are less immediately threatened but where a large amount of land can be set aside? Variants of this trade-off commonly arise in spatial planning. I used models of land-use change near a deforestation frontier to examine this trade-off. The optimal choice of where to protect was determined by how decisions taken today accounted for ecological benefits and economic costs of conservation actions that would occur sometime in the future. I used an ecological and economic discount rate to weight these benefits and costs. A large economic discount rate favored protecting more remote areas, whereas a large, positive ecological discount rate favored protecting habitat near the current deforestation frontier. The decision over where to protect was also affected by the influence economic factors had on landowners' decisions, the rate of technological change, and ecological heterogeneity of the landscape. How benefits and costs through time are accounted for warrants careful consideration when specifying conservation objectives. It may provide a niche axis along which conservation organizations differentiate themselves when competing for donor funding or other support.
机译：保护组织是否关注保护难以转换的风险的栖息地，而是昂贵或更多偏远地区，这些偏远地区较少威胁，但可以留出大量的土地？这种权衡的变体通常在空间规划中出现。我使用了在森林森林前沿附近的土地使用模型来检查此权衡。最佳选择在何处保护是决定于今天的决策如何占未来某个时候会发生的生态效益和经济成本。我使用了生态和经济折扣率来重量这些福利和成本。较大的经济折扣率赞成保护更多偏远地区，而大量积极的生态折扣率，保护栖息地附近当前的森林森林前沿。在境地的决定也受到影响经济因素对土地所有者的决定，技术变革率和景观生态异质性的影响。在指定保护目标时，根据时间的福利和成本如何核对。它可以提供一个利基轴，保护组织在竞争捐助资金或其他支持时差异化。

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