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Research methods and reporting practices in zoo and aquarium conservation-education evaluation

机译：动物园和水族馆保护 - 教育评估的研究方法和报告实践

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Zoos and aquariums are increasingly incorporating conservation education into their mission statements and visitor experiences to address global biodiversity loss. To advance knowledge and practice in the field, research is being conducted to evaluate the effect of zoo conservation-education experiences on visitor psychosocial outcomes (e.g., knowledge, attitude, emotions, motivations, behavior). Following recent discussions among scholars and practitioners concerning logistical and methodological challenges that likely undermine the conclusions of such research, we identified and reviewed the methods and reporting practices in peer-reviewed articles published in English from May 1998 to June 2016 that focused on adult visitor samples (47 articles, 48 studies). We examined elements of internal, external, construct, and statistical conclusion validity. Methodological quality of quantitative methods and reporting practices was determined using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool. Each study was coded as either strong (no weak ratings), moderate (1 weak rating), or weak (>= 2 weak ratings). The quantitative methods of 83.3% of studies were weak. The remaining 16.7% had methods of moderate quality. Using an existing checklist, we also assessed the quality and rigor of qualitative methods and reporting practices and found that some aspects of these methods were reported more comprehensively than others. For example, 69.6% of articles discussed methods for identifying key themes from the data, whereas only 34.8% reported how data verification was performed. We suggest increased application of intensive longitudinal methods (e.g., daily diary) to strengthen self-reported data, experimental and repeated-measures designs, and mixed-methods approaches. Our findings and recommendations could strengthen and guide the research and evaluation agenda for the field and ultimately enhance the contribution zoos make to global biodiversity conservation
机译：动物园和水族馆越来越多地将保护教育纳入其使命陈述和访客经历，以解决全球生物多样性损失。为了推进本领域的知识和实践，正在进行研究，以评估动物园保护 - 教育经验对游客心理社会结果的影响（例如，知识，态度，情绪，动机，行为）。在最近关于有关可能破坏此类研究的结论的后勤和方法挑战的学者和从业者之间的讨论，我们确定并审查了1998年5月至2016年6月在英语发表的同行评审条款中的方法和报告做法，其专注于成人访客样本（47条，48项研究）。我们检查了内部，外部，构造和统计结论有效性的元素。使用有效的公共卫生实践项目质量评估工具确定定量方法和报告实践的方法论质量。每项研究被编码为强（不较弱的评级），中度（较弱的速度），或弱（> = 2弱评级）。 83.3％的研究的定量方法弱。剩下的16.7％有质量适中的方法。使用现有的清单，我们还评估了定性方法和报告实践的质量和严谨，并发现这些方法的一些方面比其他方式更全面地报告。例如，69.6％的文章讨论了从数据中识别关键主题的方法，而只有34.8％报告了如何执行数据验证。我们建议增加密集型纵向方法（例如，日记）以加强自我报告的数据，实验和重复措施设计和混合方法方法。我们的调查结果和建议可以加强和指导该领域的研究和评估议程，最终加强贡献动物园对全球生物多样性保护

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