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Genetic variation of litter meadow species reflects gene flow by hay transfer and mowing with agricultural machines

机译：垃圾草甸物种的遗传变异反映了通过干草转移和割草与农业机器的基因流动

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Litter meadows, historically established for litter production, are species-rich and diverse ecosystems. These meadows drastically declined during the last decades along with decreasing litter use in modern livestock housing. The aim of our study was to identify the drivers of genetic variation in litter meadow species. Therefore, we tested whether genetic diversity and differentiation depend on habitat age, landscape structure, habitat quality, and/or population size. We analysed 892 individuals ofAngelica sylvestris,Filipendula ulmaria, andSuccisa pratensisfrom 20 litter meadows across the Allgau in Baden-Wurttemberg (Germany) using AFLP analyses. All study species showed moderate levels of genetic diversity, while genetic differentiation among populations was low. Neither genetic diversity nor differentiation were clearly driven by habitat age. However, landscape structure, habitat quality as well as population size revealed different impacts on the genetic diversity of our study species. Past and present landscape structures shaped the genetic diversity patterns ofA. sylvestrisandF. ulmaria. The genetic diversity ofF. ulmariapopulations was, moreover, influenced by the local habitat quality.S. pratensispopulations seemed to be affected only by population size. All explanatory variables represent past as well as present gene flow patterns by anthropogenic land use. Therefore, we assume that genetic diversity and differentiation were shaped by both historical creation of litter meadows via hay transfer and present mowing with agricultural machines. These land use practices caused and still cause gene flow among populations in the declining habitats.
机译：历史悠久地为垃圾生产建立的垃圾草地，是物种丰富和多样化的生态系统。这些草甸在过去的几十年中大幅下降，随着现代牲畜住房中的垃圾使用减少。我们研究的目的是确定垃圾草甸物种的遗传变异驱动因素。因此，我们测试了遗传多样性和分化是否依赖于栖息地年龄，景观结构，栖息地质量和/或人口规模。我们分析了892名以892个单独的Ofangelica Sylvestris，菲律宾群Ulmaria，Andsuccisa Pratensis起草Allgau（德国）使用AFLP分析。所有研究种类均显示出中等程度的遗传多样性，而群体的遗传分化率低。栖息地，栖息地没有遗传多样性也不是分化。然而，景观结构，栖息地质量以及人口尺寸对我们的研究所的遗传多样性产生了不同的影响。过去和目前的景观结构形状为遗传多样性模式。 Sylvestrisandf。 Ulmaria。遗传多样性关闭。此外，UlmariaPopulations受到当地栖息地质量的影响。普拉多斯的普及似乎受到人口大小的影响。所有解释性变量都代表了过去的目的，并通过人为土地使用。因此，我们假设遗传多样性和分化是通过Hay转移和用农业机械割草的杂草草甸的历史创造来塑造。这些土地利用实践引起并仍然导致栖息地下降的人口中的基因流动。

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