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首页> 外文期刊>Continental Shelf Research: A Companion Journal to Deep-Sea Research and Progress in Oceanography >Historic and contemporary anthropogenic effects on granulometry and species composition detected from sediment cores and death assemblages, Nelson Bays, Aotearoa-New Zealand
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Historic and contemporary anthropogenic effects on granulometry and species composition detected from sediment cores and death assemblages, Nelson Bays, Aotearoa-New Zealand

机译：从沉积物核心和死亡组合，尼尔森湾，阿德罗奥省新西兰检测到粒状和当代人的肉体和当代人为作用

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To effectively manage anthropogenic stressors causing widespread and pervasive habitat change, resource managers and policy makers require advice on priority stressors to optimally target conservation and restoration outcomes. This is difficult in soft sediment ecosystems affected by multiple stressors operating across centuries with possible legacy interactions. Using tools from the emerging discipline of conservation paleobiology, we attempted to disentangle the effects of two stressors: i) changes to sediments (sedimentation rate, composition) and ii) fishing disturbance across pre-human to contemporary timescales by analysing death assemblages (DA) at a rare location protected from power fishing methods for ca. 30 yr in Nelson Bays, Aotearoa-New Zealand. Replicate sediment cores and surface grab samples were collected at paired stations, spread across three depth profiles (25, 30, 35 m), split inside and outside the fishing exclusion zone. Sediment core geochronologies were established using radioisotope dating and analysis of terrestrial plant palynomorphs (spores, pollen, starch) associated with Maori and European introduction to Aotearoa-New Zealand. Results unearthed a complex of brachiopods, molluscs, crustacea, bryozoan, and Maori-introduced pollen and starch remains - the latter a marine first. Following human arrival in the region (ca.1500AD) statistical models revealed separation of DAs between time periods were correlated with a 10-15% increase in sediment silt content following a ca.11-fold increase in Sediment Accumulation Rates (SAR). In contrast, separation of recent surface DAs (ca. 60yr) are now more strongly correlated with sediment mixing, detected by discordance in radioisotope profiles, consistent with exposure to homogenising effects of fishing disturbance outside the exclusion zone. We conclude that historic legacy effects, ongoing sedimentation and fishing disturbance have synergistically modified the sediment characteristics from "natural" baseline conditions. Those changes have likely contributed to the collapse and lack of recovery of Nelson Bays shellfish fisheries.
机译：为了有效地管理造成广泛和普遍存在的人的人为压力，资源管理人员和决策者需要关于优先压力源的建议，以最佳地定位保护和恢复结果。这在软沉积物生态系统中是困难的，这些生态系统受到几个世纪以来的多个压力的影响，可能的遗留相互作用。利用来自保护古生物学的新兴学科的工具，我们试图解开两个压力源的影响：i）通过分析死亡组合（DA），对人类前的沉积物（沉降率，组成）和II）捕捞干扰的变化在一个罕见的位置，免受CA的电力捕鱼方法保护。 30年在尼尔森湾，Aotearoa-新西兰。在配对的站上收集复制沉积物核和表面抓地面样品，在钓鱼禁区内外分开三个深度型材（25,30,35米）。利用与毛利人和欧洲新西兰的麦田和欧洲介绍的陆地植物野生植物（孢子，花粉，淀粉）建立了沉积物核心地质族。结果挖掘了一股繁荣的Brachiopods，Molluscs，甲壳树，晶化物和毛利士引入的花粉和淀粉仍然是后者的第一次海洋。在人类到达地区（CA.1500AD）统计模型中，统计模型显示在花费沉积物累积率（SAR）增加后的时间段之间的时间段与沉积物淤泥含量增加10-15％。相反，最近的表面DAS（CA. 60YR）的分离现在与放射性同位素谱中的不良检测到的沉积物混合更强烈地相关，这与暴露在禁区外捕捞干扰的均质效果一致。我们得出结论，历史遗留效应，持续的沉降和捕捞干扰从“自然”基线条件中的沉积物特征有效地修改。这些变化可能促成了崩溃和缺乏纳尔逊湾贝类渔业的恢复。

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