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Nanogeochemistry of hydrothermal magnetite

机译：水热磁铁矿的纳米化学

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Magnetite from hydrothermal ore deposits can contain up to tens of thousands of parts per million (ppm) of elements such as Ti, Si, V, Al, Ca, Mg, Na, which tend to either structurally incorporate into growth and sector zones or form mineral micro- to nano-sized particles. Here, we report micro- to nano-structural and chemical data of hydrothermal magnetite from the Los Colorados iron oxide-apatite deposit in Chile, where magnetite displays both types of trace element incorporation. Three generations of magnetites (X-Z) were identified with concentrations of minor and trace elements that vary significantly: SiO2, from below detection limit (bdl) to 3.1 wt%; Al2O3, 0.3-2.3 wt%; CaO, bdl-0.9 wt%; MgO, 0.02-2.5 wt%; TiO2, 0.1-0.4 wt%; MnO, 0.04-0.2 wt%; Na2O, bdl-0.4 wt%; and K2O, bdl-0.4 wt%. An exception is V2O3, which is remarkably constant, ranging from 0.3 to 0.4 wt%. Six types of crystalline nanoparticles (NPs) were identified by means of transmission electron microscopy in the trace element-rich zones, which are each a few micrometres wide: (1) diopside, (2) clinoenstatite; (3) amphibole, (4) mica, (5) ulvospinel, and (6) Ti-rich magnetite. In addition, Al-rich nanodomains, which contain 2-3 wt% of Al, occur within a single crystal of magnetite. The accumulation of NPs in the trace element-rich zones suggest that they form owing to supersaturation from a hydrothermal fluid, followed by entrapment during continuous growth of the magnetite surface. It is also concluded that mineral NPs promote exsolution of new phases from the mineral host, otherwise preserved as structurally bound trace elements. The presence of abundant mineral NPs in magnetite points to a complex incorporation of trace elements during growth, and provides a cautionary note on the interpretation of micron-scale chemical data of magnetite.
机译：来自水热矿床的磁铁矿可含有高达数万个百万分别（ppm）的元素，如Ti，Si，V，Al，Ca，Mg，Na，其倾向于在结构上掺入生长和扇区区域或形式中矿物微量至纳米尺寸颗粒。在这里，我们从智利中从洛氏氧化铁氧化铁 - 磷灰石沉积物报告了水热磁铁矿的微量到纳米结构和化学数据，其中磁铁矿显示了两种类型的痕量元素掺入。用少量和微量元素鉴定三代磁纤毛（X-Z），其浓度明显变化：SiO 2，从低于检测极限（BDL）至3.1wt％; Al2O3，0.3-2.3重量％; CAO，BDL-0.9 WT％; MgO，0.02-2.5重量％; TiO2，0.1-0.4重量％; MNO，0.04-0.2wt％; Na2O，BDL-0.4wt％;和K2O，BDL-0.4wt％。异常是V2O3，其恒定非常恒定，范围为0.3至0.4wt％。通过痕量的富含元素的区域中的透射电子显微镜鉴定六种类型的结晶纳米颗粒（NPS），其每个微量测量宽度宽：（1）偶联，（2）ClinoEnstatite; （3）锥形，（4）云母，（5）ULVOSPINEL，（6）富含Ti磁铁矿。此外，含有2-3wt％的含有含氮的纳米型，在磁铁矿的单晶内发生。富含富含元区中的NPS的积累表明它们由于来自水热流体的过饱和而形成，然后在磁铁矿表面的连续生长期间挤压。还得出结论，矿物质NPS从矿物宿主促进新阶段的exolution，否则保存为结构束缚的微量元素。磁铁矿中的丰富的矿物NPS存在于生长期间的痕量元素的复杂掺入，并提供关于磁铁矿微米化学数据的解释的警告说明。

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